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Asthma, allergies, and indoor air po...

Schei, Morten Alexander.

Asthma, allergies, and indoor air pollution in Nepal and Guatemala.

紀錄類型:	書目-電子資源 : Monograph/item
正題名/作者:	Asthma, allergies, and indoor air pollution in Nepal and Guatemala.
作者:	Schei, Morten Alexander.
面頁冊數:	127 p.
附註:	Chair: Kirk R. Smith.
附註:	Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 65-09, Section: B, page: 4488.
Contained By:	Dissertation Abstracts International65-09B.
標題:	Environmental Sciences.
電子資源:	http://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=3146995
ISBN:	0496053825

Asthma, allergies, and indoor air pollution in Nepal and Guatemala.
Schei, Morten Alexander.

Asthma, allergies, and indoor air pollution in Nepal and Guatemala. - 127 p.

Chair: Kirk R. Smith.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of California, Berkeley, 2004.

Exposure to biomass-smoke from open fires or poor stoves affect more than half of the children in the World, and is ranked second among environmental risk factors in the 2002 World Health Report, held responsible for at least 1.6 million annual deaths. Potential effects on asthma and allergic conditions from biomass smoke were not included in the estimation of the burden of disease from biomass smoke, because relevant studies are almost non-existent. There are ongoing controversies of the potential role of combustion-based air pollution for asthma and allergies. The thesis is based on a survey of 1058 children from a Native-American, Mam-speaking population in rural Guatemala, and a survey of 4500 children from Kathmandu, Nepal. In Nepal, the adjusted risks for most atopic symptoms were 2--5 times higher for children living in homes with open fires compared to gas, and I found increasing trends from clean to polluted indoor environments for a range of symptoms. Similar risks and trends were found for asthma symptoms in Guatemala, and together these studies strongly suggest a causal association between high levels of indoor air pollution, asthma, and atopic disease.

ISBN: 0496053825Subjects--Topical Terms:

212393
Environmental Sciences.

Asthma, allergies, and indoor air pollution in Nepal and Guatemala.
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245 1 0 $a Asthma, allergies, and indoor air pollution in Nepal and Guatemala.
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500 $a Chair: Kirk R. Smith.
500 $a Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 65-09, Section: B, page: 4488.
502 $a Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of California, Berkeley, 2004.
520 # $a Exposure to biomass-smoke from open fires or poor stoves affect more than half of the children in the World, and is ranked second among environmental risk factors in the 2002 World Health Report, held responsible for at least 1.6 million annual deaths. Potential effects on asthma and allergic conditions from biomass smoke were not included in the estimation of the burden of disease from biomass smoke, because relevant studies are almost non-existent. There are ongoing controversies of the potential role of combustion-based air pollution for asthma and allergies. The thesis is based on a survey of 1058 children from a Native-American, Mam-speaking population in rural Guatemala, and a survey of 4500 children from Kathmandu, Nepal. In Nepal, the adjusted risks for most atopic symptoms were 2--5 times higher for children living in homes with open fires compared to gas, and I found increasing trends from clean to polluted indoor environments for a range of symptoms. Similar risks and trends were found for asthma symptoms in Guatemala, and together these studies strongly suggest a causal association between high levels of indoor air pollution, asthma, and atopic disease.
520 # $a I argue that investigations of household air pollution in developing countries provide new insights into the controversial field of allergies and air pollution, which are dominated by studies of urban air pollution in the developed world. My findings from Nepal and Guatemala with clear trends over exposure categories sketch the first outline of an exposure-response relationship for high exposures to biomass combustion products and atopic diseases. The exposure-response relationship and strength of the association between biomass smoke and various atopic symptoms do suggest a causal relationship between indoor air pollution and allergic disease. It is, however, not possible to make conclusion on whether the association is mainly due to exacerbation of pre-existing allergic disease (late in the causal chain for development of allergic disease) or due to induction of new cases of allergic disease (early in the causal chain). If the scientific ambition of tomorrow is to further understand asthma and allergic diseases, one should not ignore the global heterogeneity of risk factors and disease presentations. More studies from developing countries are thus needed.
520 # $a The prevalence of asthma symptoms in Nepal was moderate, with a surprisingly high fraction of severe symptoms. The prevalence in the indigenous Guatemalan population was low compared to other Latin-American countries.
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