| 摘要註: |
「通聯紀錄」是電信事業單位為了帳務核算，而對用戶電話撥打情形的一種紀錄。在犯罪偵查上，對於嫌犯的交往關係、生活作息、活動區域及涉案的可能性等，均可藉由通聯紀錄的分析加以研判，故常為警察機關用以偵查犯罪之重要方法，惟相關法律規範卻付之闕如，不似「通訊保障及監察法」有明文規範，致使警察人員用以偵辦刑案時，現已引發秘密通訊、隱私權侵害之質疑，違反法律保留原則，毋寧及早妥為規劃研修相關法律，方為保障國民基本權之正確作法。而警察機關在內部行政調查時（俗稱風紀案件調查），「通聯紀錄」亦是督察人員在查證涉案員警有無跟特定對象密集聯絡、是否有出入不妥當場所，藉以研判該涉案員警有無違反警察風紀情事。例如交往複雜與黑道分子過從甚密、與人發生不當感情交往、出入風化場所…等，均可由「通聯紀錄」來認定該員警有無涉及影響警譽之情事，若涉案輕則予以行政懲處，重則移送法辦。然如同上述所言，面對調閱「通聯紀錄」引發侵害秘密通訊、隱私權之爭議問題，對於刑案偵查面向已爭議不斷，更遑論用於機關之內部行政調查，其適法性基礎近年來已備受質疑。雖然警察人員屬於公務員關係之一環，為了領導統御及內部管理之需要，不可否認的需給機關以特別規則來限制警察人員部分權利，惟現行警察機關督察人員可否像從前一樣，動不動就以調閱「通聯紀錄」之方法來認定員警是否有違反警察風紀之情事，在現行人權意識高漲及特別權力關係稀釋的時代，此舉廣受飽評，應有立即檢討之必要。本文首先從行政調查的意義作探討，分析現行行政調查之手段、性質與類型，並參酌各國行政調查之作法與分類，再分析我國意義下之行政調查及應注意之一般原則。其次針對現階段警察機關之內部行政調查實務作法，從憲法基本權探討，由秘密通訊自由權、隱私權延伸至與個人資料保護相關法規之關連。再次，將研究重點聚焦在我國警察機關現行調閱「通聯紀錄」之實務作法，分從刑案偵查及內部行政調查面向著手，研提徵結所在，並提出改進對策；最後論述面對不法或不當調查時，警察人員應該如何救濟，從法制層面，參採實務驗證，冀望提昇立法位階，以達人權保障與行政目的之達成間取得平衡。 “Telecommunication records” is a kind of records for the telecommunication institutions to calculate the accounts based on the amount of users’ phone calls. As to the detection of crime, it is feasible to picture the suspect’s relationship, lifestyle, activity areas, and possibility of involvement in a case by analyzing the suspect’s telecommunication records. Although telecommunication records play a pivotal role in the detection of crime, the relevant laws and regulations are not specifically stipulated as “the law of communication insurance and surveillance.” Due to the defective relevant laws and regulations, police officers’ investigation on the suspect’s telecommunication records for crime detection might be considered an infringement of secret communication and privacy insurance. However, this situation goes against the principle of law reservation. The relevant laws and regulations should be legislated precisely as soon as possible to protect the fundamental rights of citizens.Regarding internal administrative investigation on police organization, the so-called disciplinary cases investigation, “telecommunication records” demonstrate the evidence for the superintendents to inspect whether the suspicious police officer conforms to the police discipline according to the fact whether suspicious police officer contacts with the specific people intensively or enters inappropriate areas. For example, “telecommunication records” might demonstrate the evidence of the suspicion’s complicated relationship, close relationship with gangsters, inappropriate love affairs, wandering in porn sites, or etc., to identify the suspicious police officer’s corrupting the reputation of the police. The administrative punishment would be sentenced to the one with minor involvement in a case, but the one with serious involvement would be brought to justice. Above all, the dispute, which is arisen by infringement of secret communication and privacy insurance while examining one’s “telecommunication records,” might generates controversial issues not only on the penal cases investigation, but furthermore on the internal administrative investigation. Recently, the legal fundamental applicability has been generally questioned. Although the police officers are kinds of civil servants, in order to maintain the leadership and internal management, some parts of the privilege of the police personnel should be restricted by particular regulations of police organization. However, in this human-rights-oriented era but diminished privilege relation, it is criticized that the superintendents follow the previous experience to examine the police personnel’s “telecommunication records,” and then confirm whether the police personnel conform to the police discipline. This access should be immediately reviewed and the system should be made a further improvement.Firstly, the meaning of administrative investigation has been discussed by means of analyzing the existing methods, property, and type of our administrative investigation. Moreover, various nations’ practical methods and classification of administrative investigation should be referenced to ameliorate the general principles of our administrative investigation. Secondly, with respect to the existing practical methods of internal administrative investigation of the police organization, the correlation between the fundamental rights in a constitution and secret communication, privacy insurance, and extensively to the related regulations for personal information protection has been intensively concerned. Thirdly, it is emphasized on the existing practical approaches of examining “telecommunication records” by the police organization. The problems and advanced approaches have been illustrated to upgrade the penal cases investigation and the internal administrative investigation. At last, the police personnel who encounter illegal or improper investigation should be competent to operating administrative remedy. From the legislative perspective, practical verification is adopted to promote the legislation level; furthermore, in attempt to balance the human rights insurance and administrative goals achievement. |