| 摘要註: |
本論文引自許多基層地方選舉候選人政見是裝設監視系統，來確保社區里鄰間治安問題，每每政見提出裝設候選人，大多能順利當選，藉此許多里鄰監視系統就此而誕生，惟也衍生侵犯基本人權及影響市容觀瞻問題等，以及其維護費用負擔等等問題。然而近年來警察單位及民間或政府單位建置之監視系統協助下，偵破許多重大刑案，如民國97年家樂褔量販店搶奪殺人案及98年台北101大樓停車場搶案偵破，其破案線索即來自各監視系統畫面的過濾，突顯出監視系統在於刑案犯罪偵查重要性。而國外也有相同的作法，如英國情治單位在各重要機關、公共場所出入口裝設監視器，作為監控犯罪行為及反恐怖活動之用。再者人權保護是與時俱進的，不同的時代、基於人的自我實現的目的，會有不同的人權類目出現，因此，人權的世代更迭是相當明顯的現象。依憲法學界的一般說法，近代人權以自由權為中心，充滿自然權的色彩，稱為「第一代人權」。二十世紀則強調弱者的保障，社會權在人權譜系中備受重視，是為「第二代人權」。而近年來，集體人權觀念興起，出現所謂「第三代人權」，例如：發展權、和平權、環境權、領空權、日照權、人類共同財產所有權，以及資訊傳播權等。為了配合社會變遷的需要，以及防範疏漏的問題，憲法中除了明定種種個別人權外，還可用概括條款的方式，保障其他未經明定的人權。特別是人權隱私部分，當攝影機的科技進步侵入到人們的生活中，是安全保障、或是便利還是侵權行為，亦或是公共安全重要，仰或基本人權保護較為重要。雖然大家都同意保障個人隱私權的重要性，但對於隱私權的認識卻是有限的，再者隱私權的法制的建立，是近一百年才開始目前還在發展中。而在台灣也是近十年來，才逐漸受到重視。以電腦處理個人資料保護法，是民國84年8月11日公布施行；至於民法第195條修正，民國88年4月21日公布，民國89年5月5日施行。而刑法第315條之1至315條之3之增訂也是在民國88年4月21日公布施行。故對於基本人權的隱私部分，如何界定及保障的理論基礎，尚在發展現無具體共識。 The present paper directs from many basic unit local election candidate political view installs the supervisory system, guarantees in the community between the neighbour public security question, often the political view proposed installs the candidate, mostly can be elected smoothly, takes advantage of this many mile neighbour supervisory system to be born in light of this, only also grows the infringement basic human rights and the influence city's appearance look question and so on, as well as its maintenance cost burden and so on questions. However the recent years police unit and the folk or the government unit established under the supervisory system assistance, solved many significant punishment documents, such as Carrefour liang sold the shop to rob the murder in 2008 case and 98 year Taibei 101 building parking lot case of robbery solves, its investigation clue namely came from each supervisory system picture filtration, appeared the supervisory system to lie in the punishment document crime detection importance suddenly.Overseas also has the same method, like the unit in each important institution of the English national condition governs, the public place access installs the monitoring device, as monitoring criminality and using of the counter-terrorism. Furthermore the human rights protection is keeps pace with the times, the different time, based on human's self-realization goal, can have the different human rights category appearance, therefore, the human rights generation alternates is the quite obvious phenomenon.According to the constitution educational world general view, the modern human rights take the free power as the center, the fill natural power color, is called “the first generation of human rights”.The 20th century emphasized weak one's safeguard, the social power prepares in the human rights evolution is taken, is “the second generation of human rights”.But the recent years, the collective human rights idea emerged, appears “the third generation human rights” so-called, for example: Right to development, and equal rights, environment power, air sovereignty, sunshine power, human joint property property rights, as well as information dissemination power and so on.In order to coordinate the social vicissitude the need, as well as the guard oversight question, in the constitution besides stipulates all sorts of individual human rights, but also the available summary provision way, safeguards other not after the human rights which stipulates. Specially human rights privacy part, when the camera advance in technology invades in people's life, is the safety control, perhaps the convenience or the abuse of authority, also the public security is important, supine or the basic human rights protection is important.Although everybody agreed safeguards individual right of privacy the importance, but regarding the right of privacy understanding is actually limited, furthermore the right of privacy legal system establishment, is in the recent 100 years only then starts at present also in the development.And in Taiwan also is in the recent ten years, receives only then gradually takes.Processes individual material protection method by the computer, was on August 11, 1995 announces the execution; As for the civil law 195th revision, on April 21, 1999 announced, on May 5, 2000 executed.But criminal law 1st 315th revised and enlarged to 3rd 315 also is announces the execution in April 21, 1999.Therefore regarding the basic human rights privacy part, how limits and the safeguard rationale, still at sends the development not concrete mutual recognition. |