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探討都會區運輸工具之空氣污染與經濟效益之評估模式 = The Evalu...

吳珮瑜

探討都會區運輸工具之空氣污染與經濟效益之評估模式 = The Evaluation Model for Metropolitan Transport Emission

紀錄類型:	書目-語言資料,印刷品 : 單行本
並列題名:	The Evaluation Model for Metropolitan Transport Emission
作者:	吳珮瑜,
其他團體作者:	國立高雄大學
出版地:	[高雄市]
出版者:	撰者;
出版年:	民99[2010]
面頁冊數:	93面圖，表 : 30公分;
標題:	運輸工具
標題:	vehicle selection
電子資源:	http://handle.ncl.edu.tw/11296/ndltd/68175994964681477656
摘要註:	近年來台灣工商業及社會經濟發展迅速，人民所得水準提高，民眾較有能力選擇小型車或機車作為代步工具。在都會區中大眾運輸系統發達但使用率偏低，造成全國私人運具持有率居高，也造成運具排放之空氣污染嚴重，嚴重影響空氣品質。民眾選擇運具時，易忽略運具造成空氣污染之外部成本。在考量都會區運具之配置，須注意私人運具與大眾運輸系統之外部成本，所以運具排放減量及效益為相當重要課題之一。因此本研究主要以高雄都會區之私人運具與大眾運輸系統為探討對象，將擬推估大眾運輸與私人運具之空氣污染排放量，建構一運具空氣污染評估模式。以Mobile-Taiwan2.0程式推估運輸工具之排放係數，以排放係數、旅次數、運具之平均旅次長度等之關係推估運輸工具產生之NOX、CO及HC之空氣污染排放量，並引用「高雄都會區家戶旅次特性資料報告書」(2009)中所建立之高雄運具選擇模式中的運具百分比，以增量羅吉特模式、情境分析，探討高雄都會區在各情境中之運具重新配置時的空氣污染排放量之關係，並估算其減量效益。本研究以運具空氣污染模式進行運具分配比例，經由情境分析求得最佳減量情境，以減量NOX最佳之情境為小汽車停車收費提升至50元，其減量值為0.48噸/日；抑或以減量CO之最佳之情境為將汽、機車停車費各調升10元，其減量值為61.43噸/日。而當以減量HC之最佳之情境為將汽、機車停車費各調升10元，其減量值為24.2噸/日。由情境中明顯發現，由於公車的NOX排放係數大，當小型車及機車旅次移轉至公車時，NOX排放總量會隨著公車旅次增加而呈現增加趨勢。當小型車及機車旅次移轉至公車時，CO、HC排放總量會隨著小型車、機車旅次減少而減少，因此可說小型車及機車為CO、HC污染排放的主要來源。 With the advance of all industries and rapid development of society and economy in Taiwan, people have earned more money and are more likely to afford small vehicles or scooters. Though mass transit system is convenient in the metropolitan city, its utilization rate is relatively low, resulting in the high percentage of possessing private vehicles. Moreover, air pollution caused by the exhaust of vehicles is serious and air quality is then affected severely. When choosing vehicles, people tend to ignore the exterior cost caused by air pollution. On the other hand, considering the distribution of vehicles in the metropolitan city, it is essential to look at private vehicles versus mass transit system. In this case, the emission reduction and benefits of vehicles will become more important. This study takes private vehicles and mass transit system in Kaohsiung metropolitan as the research subject to estimate the emission of air pollution for mass transit system and private vehicles, and to construct an evaluation model of air pollution generated by vehicles. Based on the emission coefficients estimated by the program, Mobile-Taiwan2.0, this research is aims at calculating the amount of air pollution emission in terms of NOX, CO, and HC generated by vehicles from the perspectives of the relationships among emission factor, trips, and the average travel distance of vehicles. Moreover, the study adopts the vehicle percentage cited from the model of vehicle selection in Kaohsiung constructed in ‘The Report of Household Trips and Features in Kaohsiung Metropolitan’ (2009) and to analyzes it with Incremental Logit Model and scenario analysis to discover how the air pollution emission in Kaohsiung metropolitan varies in accordance with various percentages of vehicles in different scenarios, and to estimate the cost benefits of pollution reduction.Transportation distribution ratio based on transportation air pollution mode, via the scenario analysis in order to gain the best reduction scenarios. In terms of NOX reduction, the best scenario is to increase the parking fee of small vehicles to NT$50 so that its reduction will be 0.48 ton per day. Or the best scenario of CO reduction is to increase the parking fee of automobile and scooter by NT$10 respectively so that its reduction will be 61.43 tons per day. Moreover, the best scenario of HC reduction is to increase the parking fee of automobile and scooter by NT$10 respectively. In this case, the reduction will be 24.2 tons per day. Obviously, since buses are high in the emission factor of NOX, when the trips of small vehicles and scooters switch to buses, the amount of NOX emission may increase as well in scenarios. On the other hand, when the trips of small vehicles and scooters switch to buses, the amount of CO and HC emission may decrease as well. In this case, small vehicles and scooters can be seen as the main source of CO and HC emission.

探討都會區運輸工具之空氣污染與經濟效益之評估模式 = The Evaluation Model for Metropolitan Transport Emission
吳, 珮瑜

探討都會區運輸工具之空氣污染與經濟效益之評估模式 = The Evaluation Model for Metropolitan Transport Emission / 吳珮瑜撰 - [高雄市] : 撰者, 民99[2010]. - 93面 ; 圖，表 ; 30公分.
參考書目：面.
運輸工具vehicle selection

探討都會區運輸工具之空氣污染與經濟效益之評估模式 = The Evaluation Model for Metropolitan Transport Emission
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