| 摘要註: |
本研究的目的在探討海軍新兵在接受「新兵體能戰技訓練」的過程中，發生運動傷害之相關因素。並利用役男之生理學指標，與運動傷害因子及體能訓練成效交互比對，選擇出特定的有效生理學指標作為未來募兵時代篩選體適能優秀兵源從軍之參考。 本研究於98年7月18日至98年8月30日間，以南部某海軍新兵訓練中心之新兵為研究對象，進行結構式問卷施測。回收及整理後之實際有效問卷共553份。調查內容包括個案人口學特性、運動傷害預防與處理需求量表、運動傷害預防與處理認知量表、運動傷害調查表及體能訓練成效表等五部份。研究資料以SPSS/PC14.0版套裝軟體進行描述性統計分析（最大值、最小值、平均值、標準差）及推論性統計分析（卡方檢定、獨立樣本T檢定、單因子變異數分析、皮爾森積差相關）。 研究結果發現役男年齡、居住地、教育程度、吸菸習慣、運動習慣及生理學指標中的身高、體重、BMI、體脂率、腰圍、臀圍、大腿圍、腰臀圍比、腰圍身高比等連續變項與訓練期間運動傷害之發生均未達統計上之顯著差異；但入伍前一年內的受傷史與新兵訓練期間運動傷害之發生確有顯著的相關性。在新兵體能訓練成效與人口學特性之比較中發現：居住在東部或外島者、教育程度五專（含）以下者、偶爾有吸煙情形者及平日有運動習慣者其體適能顯著較佳。 本研究亦發現年齡、臀圍、腰臀圍比與仰臥起坐有關；身高、體重、腰圍、臀圍與伏地挺身有關；體重、BMI、體脂率、腰圍、臀圍、腰臀圍比、腰圍身高比與三千公尺跑步有關。在這些生理學指標中更發現臀圍數值較小者在仰臥起坐、伏地挺身及三千公尺跑步中均具有較優秀之表現。 以上之結果相信當可提供國軍建立一套預防運動傷害的機制，及發展未來在訓練課程安排之依據；並利用簡易生理學指標，篩選出體適能優異之役男達到精兵政策的目的。 The purpose of this study was to evaluate the risk factors for sports injuries among naval conscripts during training exercises. We also compared their anthropometric indices with those risk factors and training performance in order to screen out certain physical index to predict excellent individual in physical performance. Five hundred and fifty three conscripts were tested at a naval training center in southern Taiwan between July 18, 2009 to August 30, 2009. All participants completed a self-report structured questionnaire which included questions on demographic, sport injuries prevention ability, sport injuries cognition, current status of sport injuries and physical performance. All statistical analysis was performed with SPSS 14.0 for windows statistical package. Results were presented in descriptive ( such as maximal, minimal, mean, standard deviation ) and inferential ( such as chi-square test, independent samples t-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficient ) and p<0.05 was considered to indicate significance. Results showed that there were no apparent difference by age, geographic region, educational level, smoking, physical activity, body height, body weight, BMI, body fat, waist circumference, hip circumference, thigh circumference, waist/hip ratio, waist/height ratio regarding sport injuries prevalence during training exercises. However, the injury history within the past one year is a good prediction index for sport injuries during training. A positive association was also observed between physical performance and rural conscripts, lower educational level, occasionally smoking, and physical activities. Moreover, we found that age, waist circumference, waist/hip ratio were positively correlated with sit-ups test; body height, body weight, waist circumference, hip circumference were positively correlated with push-ups test; body weight, BMI, body fat, waist circumference, hip circumference, waist/hip ratio, waist/height ratio were positively correlated with 3000-m run test. Among those anthropometric indices, interestingly, hip circumference was the only factor which associated with all of the above tests. Results of this study provide some information to prevent sports injuries during military training exercises. In addition, certain anthropometric indices are useful to predict excellent individuals in physical performance, and can be used to select conscripts for enhancing the military strength. |