| 摘要註: |
有人類存在的地域，就免不了糾紛的燃起，交涉過程中不論是為了據理力爭使自己獲得他人認同，或是其他心理、情緒因素引發的不滿，種種情況都可能觸及或引發恐嚇犯罪的疑慮。 恐嚇他人於日常生活中每每經常上演，受恐嚇者接收惡害訊息，其後續言行不免會受制於恐嚇行為的影響，但不能據此認為處罰恐嚇行為就是在維護人類對外決定的自由。雖自由意志是人類活動不可或缺的核心基礎，但安全感的保障更是享受自由之根本前提，故國家面對恐嚇行徑便有必要運用刑法加以介入，以確保全體國民皆得享有此種權益。 刑法三○五條就是國家為保護國人安全感所加以設立之條文，為詳細探究本罪，本文將以該條文為中心，以其歷史沿革為起點，切入觀察條文的變動並且分析其立法理由，用以探討本罪修法的更動，究竟是帶來了什麼樣的新契機，或是新法尚未解決舊法存在的問題，更進而衍生了其他新疑慮。 後續本文以刑法三○五條的構成要件加以分析，並佐以日本刑法第二二二條脅迫罪作比較，以探討應如何解釋或應如何加以修法始較周全。而該罪之不法要件中，不論於學說上或實務上，皆頗多論爭。客觀不法構成要件部分，本文試著先說明比較恐嚇與警告、脅迫間的相異點，藉此建構恐嚇行為的定義，並釐清實務和學界面對恐嚇行為的定義所引發的爭論。其次，何種傳達方式始為本罪所要處罰的恐嚇行為呢？恐嚇行為的傳達態樣甚多，有待歸納，並且在外揚言是否亦為本罪所要苛責的犯罪行為，又無一致的看法，這些都必要於本文中一一解析。再者，亦須討論具備何種能力、條件之人才能成為本罪有效的行為客體，以及分析法人可否成為恐嚇危害安全罪行為客體的問題。次而，本罪條文中所增訂的「致生危害於安全」究應做何等的解釋呢？此爭議一直是實務和學界論及本罪，不能忽視的一大爭點。對它意義、性質的判斷，將嚴重地影響犯罪成立的認定。因此，條文中「致生危害於安全」之規定，究竟係拖累犯罪判斷的絆腳石，抑或真有其存在的意義價值，對此本文將試著作出較為中肯的看法。 前述肯認本罪在保護被恐嚇者生活上安全感的法益，那麼出於什麼樣地恐嚇心態，將係本罪所要非難的呢？本文將在論及主觀不法構成要件部分，討論開玩笑之戲言、好心提醒等遊走於恐嚇範疇的情況。 最後，關於刑法第三○五恐嚇危害安全罪的犯罪性質，此問題亦為兵家必爭之處。本文在分析完本罪之構成要件後，便足以依此剖析本罪的犯罪性質。 Abstract Area of human existence, the inevitable disputes arise, whether the process of negotiations is to argue that they have gained recognition of others, or other psychological and emotional factors lead to dissatisfaction, all sorts of conditions possibly touch or the initiation threat crime anxiety. Intimidation of others in daily life often performed again, by threatening harm those who received bad message by intimidating those who follow-up words and deeds will inevitably be subject to the impact of acts of intimidation, but not because of this intimidation is that punishment is in the maintenance of the inner meaning of human performance freedom in the outside world. Although free will is essential to the core foundation of human activity, but to enjoy a sense of security protection is the fundamental premise of freedom, the state it is necessary to use the face of threatened criminal acts to be involved, to the exact security of all citizens can enjoy this kinds of interests. Criminal law 305 is the national sense of security to protect the people of the provisions to be set up for detailed exploration of this crime, this will be the provision for the center, from the Criminal law 305 history as a starting point, cut observe and analyze changes in the provisions of the Criminal law 305 of the legislative grounds for amending the law of the change of this crime, whether it is what has brought new opportunities, perhaps the innovation not yet solved the problem which old method existed, further derivation other new anxieties. Follow-up article to the Criminal law 305 of the constituent elements to be analyzed, with reference to the Japanese Criminal law 222 compared to explore how to interpret or amend the law to how it should be more comprehensive. But crime of constitution important document in this crime, no matter in the theory or the practice, elements of part of the criminal objective, this article try to explain more intimidation and a warning first, the coercion dissimilitude, take to construct the definition of acts of intimidation, and to clarify the practical and the academic definition of the face of intimidation caused controversy. Next, what means of communication before this crime to be punished for threatening behavior? Threat behavior transmission condition type very many, to be summarized, and threatened out of this crime is also to blame for criminal acts, nor the same views, which are necessary to resolve one by one in this article. Furthermore, what must also have the ability to discuss the condition of the people in order to become effective behavior of the object of this crime, and legal analysis can become the object of intimidation crimes endangering safety issues. Times and, in this crime by the provision of updated "Sends lives the harm in safety," it should explain of what? This controversy has been the practice and academia discussed the crime, cannot ignore a major point of contention. Its significance, to determine the nature, will seriously affect the identification of an offense was committed. Therefore, the provision "Sends lives to harm in safety" requirements, is actually implicates the crime judgment the stumbling obstacle, will have its existence significance value, this article will try to make more pertinent observations. Discussed earlier, the contents of this crime certainly those living in the protection of threatened security of the interest protected by law, to intimidate you out of the mentality of what will be a crime to be to blame in this it? This article will address the constituent elements of subjective lawless part of the discussion a joke the joke, kind reminders walk in the scope of intimidation. Finally, about the criminal law 305 intimidation nature of the crime of endangering safety, also a battleground place. This in analyzing the constituent elements of the crime after the content will be discussed in the previous basis, and then infer the nature of the crime of which explain the more should be done properly. |