| 摘要註: |
有鑒於921地震的教訓，政府制定了「災害防救法」，規定各級政府因應大規模災害而設置「災害應變中心」；民國89年7月22日八掌溪事件發生後，政府為因應消防救援體制專業化的迫切需要，成立「行政院國家搜救指揮中心」、「消防暨災害防救署」、和國家級「國家搜救組織」，欲明確律定協調機制的角色與權責，達到暢通救災指揮系統的目的。 近年來，天然災害不斷發生，各級政府的災害應變中心累積不少經驗，但是民國98年8月8日莫拉克颱風卻對整個災害防救體系進行一次檢驗，現行災害防救體系在災害搶救時中央災害應變中心在指揮、協調及調派沒有發揮應有功用，地方的縣市災害應變中心因超出地方救災能力而產生運作失靈。莫拉克陸上警報發布時，縣市政府隨即成立災害應變中心，但隨著應變中心接獲各地區傳來的災情不斷提升，地方縣市政府能力無法控制災害導致災情嚴重擴大而束手無策。災害防救法在設計上有良好救災制度，也有明確的權責畫分，但是由於缺乏一元化的指揮體系，導致遇到大災難就在指揮協調方面運作失靈應變不及。 本文的研究目的，主要是希望針對莫拉克風災及其對災害防救體制的衝擊，進行深入研究，並對現行災害防救體系的災害應變中心之事故現場指揮體系（Incident Command System；ICS）及其運作，進行完整的檢視與探討，並對照國外經驗、文獻資料、以及訪談相關實業界人士，希望能藉由「莫拉克風災」的個案分析，提供未來改進災害防救機制的建議方案，為建制理想的災害防救體制盡一分心力。 In view of the lessons of the 921 earthquake, the government formulated the "Disaster Prevention and Protection Act" to provide all levels of government set up in response to large-scale disasters, "Disaster Response Center"; July 22,2000 Pachang Creek rescue incident, fire and rescue system of government in response to the urgent need for professional, set up a "National Rescue Command Center," "Fire-cum-Disaster Response Department," and national "state search and rescue organization, "want to set a clear legal role and responsibilities of coordinating mechanisms, to smooth the purpose of disaster relief command system. In recent years, natural disasters continue to occur, governments at all levels of the Disaster Response Center, accumulated much experience, But August 8, 2009Morakot but then the disaster prevention and relief system for a test, the current disaster prevention and relief system in the disaster rescue Central Emergency Operation Center in command, coordination and deployment should not play the function of parts of the county City Emergency Operations Center due to the local disaster relief arising out of the operation failure. Morak land warning issued, the county government immediately set up emergency operation centers, but with the Response Center received from each region of the disaster came the rise, local governments can not control the ability to expand the disaster led to a serious disaster and helpless. Disaster Prevention and Protection Act is designed to have a good rescue system, there are clear responsibilities draw points, but due to the lack of a unified command structure, leading to catastrophe experience in directing and coordinating aspects of the operation on the failure strain less. Purpose of this research, the main hope for the Morakot hurricane disaster prevention system and its impact on the conduct in-depth research, disaster prevention and relief of the existing system of disaster response center for Incident Command System (Incident Command System; ICS) and its operation, a complete review and discussion, And control of foreign experience, literature, and interviews related businessmen hope that with a "Typhoon Morakot" a case study to provide future recommendations to improve disaster prevention and relief mechanism for the program, ideal for the establishment of disaster prevention and relief system to make a minutes effort. |