| 摘要註: |
美國環保署指出現代人處於室內空間的時間很長，而建築物所使用的裝修建材經常逸散出多種揮發性有機物質危害人體健康；過去研究指出，室內環境存在的臭氧除了對人體有害，還會與建材逸散出的揮發性有機化合物反應進而生成二次污染物，可能對人體健康具有更大的威脅。本研究針對室內常見傳統建材與健康綠建材進行探討，分析各建材對臭氧的去除效率、一次污染逸散情形及醛酮類化合物生成量，並分析建材總孔隙體積與比表面積，藉以對比建材表面物理特性與臭氧去除及醛酮類化合物生成之關聯性。實驗結果顯示，各建材對臭氧去除效率由高至低依序為：健康綠建材之矽酸鈣板(64%)、傳統建材之矽酸鈣板(62%)、傳統建材之礦纖天花板(58%)、健康綠建材之石膏板(50%)、傳統建材之石膏板(40%)、健康綠建材之礦纖天花板(37%)、傳統建材之木質地板(28%)、健康綠建材之木質地板(18%)。各建材一次污染逸散方面皆有檢測出不同高低濃度的醛酮類化合物與苯(Benzene)、甲苯(Toluene)、乙苯(Ethylbenzene)、鄰二甲苯(o-Xylene)、間二甲苯(m-Xylene)、對二甲苯(p-Xylene)，即常見的BTEX。而通入臭氧後醛酮類化合物生成量，其總濃度高低依序為：傳統建材之木質地板(194.8 μg/m3)、傳統建材之石膏板(145.8 μg/m3)、傳統建材之矽酸鈣板(97.2 μg/m3)、健康綠建材之木質地板(79.7 μg/m3)、健康綠建材之矽酸鈣板(65.7 μg/m3)、健康綠建材之石膏板(57.7 μg/m3)、傳統建材之礦纖天花板(6.1 μg/m3)、健康綠建材之礦纖天花板(3.6 μg/m3)。實驗結果顯示當一次污染逸散實驗持續48小時後，通入臭氧，開始二次污染逸散實驗，實驗發現醛酮化合物濃度再通入臭氧後會上升，而BTEX 污染物的濃度並沒有觀察到上升的情況；比表面積與總孔隙體積值較高的建材，其對於臭氧之去除效率也較高；當臭氧濃度被去除的越多，其醛酮化合物濃度生成也越多，兩者具有一定的關聯性存在。 研究結果發現13種醛酮化合物及BTEX皆會自建材中逸散出來，對室內人員的健康可能會有很大的影響。而建材在通入臭氧時雖達到去除臭氧的效果，但同時卻也產生一定量的有害醛酮類化合物（如甲醛），結果亦可能造成室內空氣品質的惡化並且影響人們健康。因此，未來持續深入了解各種市面上常見建材污染逸散的情形，以及臭氧去除和醛酮類化合物生成量之相關研究非常重要。 People spend most of their time indoors. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emissions from building materials are harmful to human health. Indoor ozone is not only harmful to human health, but it can react with VOCs and produce secondary pollutants. These secondary pollutants may pose greater threats to human health.This study aims to find out ozone removal rates, VOCs emission and corresponding carbonyls generation by ozone reaction with VOCs in different types of building materials. The relationship between building material properties and ozone removal rates along with carbonyls generation could be found by the analyses of specific surface area and total pore volume on building materials.The result showed that the ozone removal efficiency for calcium silicate board of green building material, calcium silicate board, mineral fiber ceiling, gypsum board of green building material, gypsum board, mineral fiber ceiling of green building material, wooden flooring and wooden flooring of green building material were 64%, 62%, 58%, 50%, 40%, 37%, 28% and 18%, respectively. The emissions of carbonyls and BTEX were detected on different building materials. The concentrations of carbonyls generation from wooden flooring, gypsum board, calcium silicate board, wooden flooring of green building material, calcium silicate board of green building material, gypsum board of green building material, mineral fiber ceiling and mineral fiber ceiling of green building material were 194.8 μg/m3, 145.8 μg/m3, 97.2 μg/m3, 79.7 μg/m3, 65.7 μg/m3, 57.7 μg/m3, 6.1 μg/m3 and 3.6 μg/m3, respectively. There were positive correlations between ozone removal efficiency and carbonyls generations on building materials. A positive correlation was found between the surface areas of building materials and ozone removal efficiency as well.In this study, the result showed that carbonyls and BTEX were emitted from building materials. It is beneficial to remove some part of ozone when ozone passing through building materials. However, there are lots of harmful compounds such as carbonyls (e.g., formaldehyde) produced and emitted into indoor space at the same time. Therefore, it is important to investigate the common building materials used in terms of the VOC emissions, ozone removal efficiency, and carbonyls generations. |