| 摘要註: |
本研究主要係藉由電極製備參數之討論，並輔以多元迴歸統計分析，以量化四種雙金屬氧化電極Pd/Ti(PT)、Ru/Ti(RT)、Pd/Ni foam(PN)及Ru/Ni foam(RN)各項製備參數之重要性，進行電化學地質氧化實驗各部分影響參數之預先評估，而後將最適條件製備之電極、適當之電極接觸面積及電位坡降、布洛芬(Ibuprofen, IBU)溶解度較佳之操作流質，使用於電化學地質氧化實驗，並於實驗結束後進行經濟性評估，以瞭解電化學地質氧化技術之成本來源組成及所需之花費。於電極製備實驗中，PT、RT及RN經多元迴歸分析之結果，其電極製備參數重要性依序為鍛燒溫度、鍛燒時間及製備金屬量，唯PN電極分析之結果，係以製備金屬量為影響最大。電極特性分析中，四種電極經SEM-EDX分析，均可於表面發現目標金屬，電極之金屬塗佈率分別為1.4%~2.6%(Ti)及2.8%~4.6% (Ni foam)，四種電極(PT、RT、PN及RN)之電壓電流特性於不同操作流質之峰電位分布於-0.8 V~1.2 V區間，均具備明顯之氧化還原電位。進行電化學地質氧化實驗之結果顯示，四種電極於三種操作流質DI water、Sodium dodecyl sulfate(SDS)及NaCl之處理效率約為35.6%~73.7 %；其中以RN電極之處理效率最佳，效率分別為: 3 cmc SDS (73.7 %) > 0.3 M NaCl (68.8%) > DI water (52%)，乃因SDS之增溶效應及NaCl環境產生OCl-離子所致；於SDS及NaCl環境中添加40%乙醇為共溶劑後，SDS之處理效率77.4%，NaCl為72.7%，係為乙醇對IBU增溶產生之處理效率增進。RN電極於電位坡降改變、處理時間及電極接觸面積參數改變之實驗處理效率為(65.4%~82.0%)，增進電位坡降(1 V/cm至3 V/cm)對處理效率有較高之提升(65.4%至78.2%)，處理時間(5至9天)及電極接觸面積提升(24 cm2至72 cm2)之幅度則較低，其處理效率為77.4%至77.6%及77.4%至82.0%。電化學地質氧化實驗中，SDS及NaCl為操作流質之組別之主要處理機制以降解為主(24.9% ~44.9%)，；共溶劑40%乙醇可對IBU增溶，增加處理效率，其降解率(40.6%及43.4%)及移除率(36.8及29.3%)均較未添加者高。RN電極於電位坡降改變、處理時間及電極接觸面積參數改變之實驗主要處理機制均為降解，增進電位坡降對降解率有較高之提升(35.2%至41.3%)，處理時間(40.6%至42.0%)及電極接觸面積(40.6%至44.9%)降解率提升之幅度則較低，移除率則分布於30.2%~36.9%間。本論文中經濟成本之計算係以電極製備、操作流質及耗用電能三部分進行計算，其處理每立方公尺土壤合計之花費金額約為NTD 28,475元~ NTD 297,858元間。於未添加共溶劑主要之成本來源係電極製備部分約占56.5~99.9%。由於共溶劑乙醇之添加，因此提高整體操作流質之單價，於添加共溶劑之組別，其成本來源主要為共溶劑，成本為64.3 %~73.2%。此部分之經濟成本，於應用於實場時則可能因材料級別及量產而獲降低。 整體結果顯示，經多元迴歸分析可評估較佳效能電極之製備條件，藉電極特性分析則可確認其有效性，處理地質氧化技術處理布洛芬(IBU)污染土壤時，則可藉由操作流質種類、共溶劑之添加及電壓坡降之提升，有效增進其處理效率，本技術雖於成本分析部分略高，但其應用於實場時可受材料級別及量產而減低，故仍具其發展性。 The main theme of this study is by electrode plate preparation and multivariate statistical analysis to quantize four bimetallic oxidation electrodes which including:Pb/Ti(PT)、Ru/Ti(RT)、Pb/Ni foam(PN) and Ru/Ni foam(RN). Through these four electrodes to estimate every part of electorchemical geooxidaiton technology, then to use the best electrode、suitable electrode touching superficial measure and potential gradient、Ibuprofen(IBU) into the electorchemical geooxidaiton technology experiment. After the experiment, we can have a economical estimate to understand the prime cost and expense of electorchemical geooxidaiton technology.Through the experiment of electrode preparation and use the multivariate statistical analysis, the electrode plate preparations of PT、RT and RN are: calcination temp、calcination time and metal prepared. To be mentioned about, the largest influenceof PN electrode is metal prepared. In the SEM-EDX analyze of four electrodes, we can find the target metals of the surfaces and metal coating probability are:1.4%~2.6%(Ti) and 2.8%~4.6%(Ni foam). The voltage and electric current of these four electrodes(PT、RT、PN and RN) are different and separate between -0.8V~1.2V, and also have oxidation-reduction potential.The result of electrochemical geooxidaiton technology has shown that four electrodes' dealing efficiency are about 35.6%~73.7% with DI water、sodium dodecyl sulface(SDS) and NaCl. The RN electrode is the best and its efficiency are: 3 cmc SDS(73.7%)>0.3M NaCl(68.8%)>Dl water(52%), and the reason is because of SDS and NaCl, which can produce OCI-. Besides, adding 40% alcohol into SDS and NaCl, the efficiency of SDS and NaCl is 77.4% and 72.7%, its result shown that the dealing efficiency heaved with alcohol to IBU. RN electrode changed in potential gradient and dealing efficiency of electrode experiment is (65%~82.0%). To gain potential gradient(1V/cm to 3V/cm) is good for dealing efficiency(65.4% to 78.2%), besides, the dealing time (5 to 9 days) and electrode superficial measures are lower(2.4m to 7.2m), the dealing efficiency is 77.4% to 77.6% and 77.4% to 82.0%. In the electorchemical geooxidaiton technology, the main way of SDS and NaCl is degradation(24.9%~44.9%); 40% cosolvent alcohol can have adsolubilization to IBU and gain the dealing efficiency, the percentage of adsolubilization (40.6% and 43.4%) and remove (36.8% and 29.3%) are higher than non-added experiment. RN electrode changed in potential gradient, dealing time and superfical measures, then to gain potentail gradient will have higher promotion of degradation (35.2% to 41.3%), the dealing time (40.6% to 42.0%) and electrode superficial measures (40.6% to 44.9%) are lower of promoting degradation, the percentage of remove is 30.2%~36.9%. This study's economic costs are electrode plate preparation, processing fluid and power consumption. Every cubic meters soil costs about NTD28,475~NTD297,858. The main cost of electrode plate preparation with non-adding cosolvent is about 56.5%~99.9%. Because of adding alcohol, so that can promote the unit price. The other cosolvents' cost is 64.3%~73.2% and could be lower because of material and mass-production. The whole result shows that after multivariate statistical analysis, the best function electrode can work by electorchemical geooxidaiton technology to deal with when IBU polluted soils. Besides, this way can also by cosolvent, potential gradient and processing fluid to promote the dealing efficiency. Although this technologys' cost is higher, however, use this experiment will have high quality development in the future. |