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地磚應力分析 = Paving Block Stress Analysis

國立高雄大學土木與環境工程學系碩士班

地磚應力分析 = Paving Block Stress Analysis

紀錄類型:	書目-語言資料,印刷品 : 單行本
並列題名:	Paving Block Stress Analysis
作者:	張峻維,
其他團體作者:	國立高雄大學
出版地:	[高雄市]
出版者:	撰者;
出版年:	2014[民103]
面頁冊數:	72面圖，表 : 30公分;
標題:	數值輪胎
標題:	Numerical Tire
電子資源:	http://handle.ncl.edu.tw/11296/ndltd/94302897317901995706
附註:	參考書目：面55-58
附註:	103年12月16日公開
摘要註:	本文以傳統地磚與專為車道使用之地磚進行細部分析，針對路面平整與不平整狀態做比較，並以實驗與有限元素數值分析進行對照；同時，為改進車行用強化地磚之滲、排水效能，於地磚側壁設凹槽，作為排水專用路徑，並分析其應力，作為開發新型地磚之基礎研究。此種排水凹槽的透水能力實驗結果，不論凹槽直徑大小，在設計範圍內皆可達到法規標準。地磚應力分析的實驗方法是以感壓紙鋪設於實際連鎖地磚之各面，調整地磚表面平整度，並以汽車直接輾過，記錄其最大應力分佈狀況；而電腦模擬分析是以一自行開發之精簡有效汽車輪胎數值模型對地磚進行車輪衝擊分析。其中，輪胎的部份考慮之主要元件有半圈之可變形膠胎、剛性鋼圈、線彈性懸吊系統、輪胎質量以及等效車體質量。輪-路接觸、輪胎內壓與動態產生之慣性力為輪胎主要之載重來源。地磚的分析重點在於車輪衝擊力的概估、側壁排水凹槽的集中應力計算以及排水凹槽的透水能力與其對基層土壤的沖刷影響檢測。研究顯示地磚所受的應力大小及分佈模式與道路表面的平整度非常相關。不平整路面的動態衝擊影響最為嚴重，實驗結果與電腦分析互相呼應，於車行狀態下路面的不平整所造成的應力集中現象非常顯著，磚面凸起12 mm之瞬間最大應力可達平整狀態之10倍以上；平整狀況下排水凹槽內的應力與受輪胎輾壓之邊角應力最大值相近，但在路面不平整的狀況下，應力最嚴重的，是在直接受輪衝擊的地磚頂面前後兩條邊上，凹槽內的應力放大程度，相對較不明顯。本文可作為新型地磚研發的先期研究，未來仍有很大的發展空間。 In the present study, the traditional paving blocks used for pedestrian path as well as the innovated paving blocks specially designed for vehicle roads are evaluated in details. The influence of road roughness on the stress concentration induced by a tire-brick dynamic impact is emphasized. Results are compared with those obtained by field tests and numerical simulations. The embedded water channels are proposed for improvements in drainage performance in the blocks subject to the heavy duty vehicle load. Experiments show that the blocks with the embedded water channels meet the regulatory standards of the permeable ability. The soft sensor sheet is employed in the real paving block traffic lane field tests to measure the contact pressure between tire and blocks, between blocks, and also between blocks and the ground. The relative elevation of the target block is one of the major study parameters. The corresponding influences on the impact pressure are evaluated in field tests and numerical simulations. A finite element tire model consisting of masses, suspension spring, a rigid rim, and half rubber tire skin simulated by three portions of membranes filled with constant inner air pressure is appropriately developed for the numerical simulation. The tire-road contact, the tire inner pressure, and the dynamic forces due to inertia are considered as the major loads. The tire-road contact impact and the stress concentration of the embedded water channels are illustrated in the numerical block models. The results are in good agreement with those obtained from the field test. The present study shows that the magnitude and the distribution pattern are sensitive to the roughness of the road surface. The stress concentrations are found to be along the block edges on the loading face and inside the water channels. There is no significant difference between the peak values of the stresses along the edges and channels if the ground is smooth. The edges contact pressure induced by the dynamic impact due to a bumpy ground could be more than 10 times higher than that induced by a smooth run-over. The stresses in water channels are relatively not so sensitive to the elevation of the target block. This thesis serves as a preliminary study to the new designed paving block. There are still broad researches and applications in the future.

地磚應力分析 = Paving Block Stress Analysis
張, 峻維

地磚應力分析 = Paving Block Stress Analysis / 張峻維撰 - [高雄市] : 撰者, 2014[民103]. - 72面 ; 圖，表 ; 30公分.
參考書目：面55-58103年12月16日公開.
數值輪胎Numerical Tire

地磚應力分析 = Paving Block Stress Analysis
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330 $a 本文以傳統地磚與專為車道使用之地磚進行細部分析，針對路面平整與不平整狀態做比較，並以實驗與有限元素數值分析進行對照；同時，為改進車行用強化地磚之滲、排水效能，於地磚側壁設凹槽，作為排水專用路徑，並分析其應力，作為開發新型地磚之基礎研究。此種排水凹槽的透水能力實驗結果，不論凹槽直徑大小，在設計範圍內皆可達到法規標準。地磚應力分析的實驗方法是以感壓紙鋪設於實際連鎖地磚之各面，調整地磚表面平整度，並以汽車直接輾過，記錄其最大應力分佈狀況；而電腦模擬分析是以一自行開發之精簡有效汽車輪胎數值模型對地磚進行車輪衝擊分析。其中，輪胎的部份考慮之主要元件有半圈之可變形膠胎、剛性鋼圈、線彈性懸吊系統、輪胎質量以及等效車體質量。輪-路接觸、輪胎內壓與動態產生之慣性力為輪胎主要之載重來源。地磚的分析重點在於車輪衝擊力的概估、側壁排水凹槽的集中應力計算以及排水凹槽的透水能力與其對基層土壤的沖刷影響檢測。研究顯示地磚所受的應力大小及分佈模式與道路表面的平整度非常相關。不平整路面的動態衝擊影響最為嚴重，實驗結果與電腦分析互相呼應，於車行狀態下路面的不平整所造成的應力集中現象非常顯著，磚面凸起12 mm之瞬間最大應力可達平整狀態之10倍以上；平整狀況下排水凹槽內的應力與受輪胎輾壓之邊角應力最大值相近，但在路面不平整的狀況下，應力最嚴重的，是在直接受輪衝擊的地磚頂面前後兩條邊上，凹槽內的應力放大程度，相對較不明顯。本文可作為新型地磚研發的先期研究，未來仍有很大的發展空間。 In the present study, the traditional paving blocks used for pedestrian path as well as the innovated paving blocks specially designed for vehicle roads are evaluated in details. The influence of road roughness on the stress concentration induced by a tire-brick dynamic impact is emphasized. Results are compared with those obtained by field tests and numerical simulations. The embedded water channels are proposed for improvements in drainage performance in the blocks subject to the heavy duty vehicle load. Experiments show that the blocks with the embedded water channels meet the regulatory standards of the permeable ability. The soft sensor sheet is employed in the real paving block traffic lane field tests to measure the contact pressure between tire and blocks, between blocks, and also between blocks and the ground. The relative elevation of the target block is one of the major study parameters. The corresponding influences on the impact pressure are evaluated in field tests and numerical simulations. A finite element tire model consisting of masses, suspension spring, a rigid rim, and half rubber tire skin simulated by three portions of membranes filled with constant inner air pressure is appropriately developed for the numerical simulation. The tire-road contact, the tire inner pressure, and the dynamic forces due to inertia are considered as the major loads. The tire-road contact impact and the stress concentration of the embedded water channels are illustrated in the numerical block models. The results are in good agreement with those obtained from the field test. The present study shows that the magnitude and the distribution pattern are sensitive to the roughness of the road surface. The stress concentrations are found to be along the block edges on the loading face and inside the water channels. There is no significant difference between the peak values of the stresses along the edges and channels if the ground is smooth. The edges contact pressure induced by the dynamic impact due to a bumpy ground could be more than 10 times higher than that induced by a smooth run-over. The stresses in water channels are relatively not so sensitive to the elevation of the target block. This thesis serves as a preliminary study to the new designed paving block. There are still broad researches and applications in the future.
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