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離婚後親權酌定之研究－以未成年子女最佳利益為探討中心 = A study...

國立高雄大學法律學系碩士班

離婚後親權酌定之研究－以未成年子女最佳利益為探討中心 = A study on the child custody after divorced－focus on the best interests of the child principle

紀錄類型:	書目-語言資料,印刷品 : 單行本
並列題名:	A study on the child custody after divorced－focus on the best interests of the child principle
作者:	王仙慧,
其他團體作者:	國立高雄大學
出版地:	[高雄市]
出版者:	撰者;
出版年:	2014[民103]
面頁冊數:	139面圖，表 : 30公分;
標題:	親權
標題:	child custody
電子資源:	http://handle.ncl.edu.tw/11296/ndltd/06056833781941276774
附註:	參考書目：面126-132
附註:	103年12月16日公開
摘要註:	本論文分為五章，以離婚後未成年子女最佳利益之親權酌定為研究主軸。按1989年聯合國兒童權利公約簽署後，其所揭示之「未成年子女最佳利益」原則已成為各國親子法所遵循的最高立法準則，我國亦不例外。綜觀我國法制現狀，國家依法得在一定條件之下介入親權之行使，而「未成年子女最佳利益」即係國家介入權之原則指標。但，我國現有之子女親權酌定政策係以尊重家庭自治為原則，亦即不論夫妻間係因「兩願離婚」、「調、和解離婚」或「裁判離婚」，其子女親權問題均交由夫妻雙方協議解決；若無法協議時，方得聲請法院裁判，或於訴請離婚時附帶請求法院判決。惟過於仰賴家庭自治及放任親權協議，是否合於維護「未成年子女最佳利益」之初衷？又國家介入權僅在親權行使人不適任時才被動介入，是否真能亡羊補牢、力挽狂瀾？另我國有關離婚後親權酌定之法條，例如：民法第1055 條、第1055－1 條，雖明文以「未成年子女最佳利益」為法院酌定或改定親權相關事項所須遵守之原則；然，該規定看似具體實則抽象，狀似合理卻有盲點。因所謂「未成年子女最佳利益」原則，係屬不確定法律概念，法院如何將此概念運用於具體個案上，極易衍生爭議。職是，筆者鑑於我國現行法制及訴訟程序之諸多缺失，致現實社會中未成年子女受到不適任之親權行使人之傷害事件層出不窮，遂深感有深入探討之必要。蓋親權酌定之「決定權者」，不論離婚當事人或法院，其是否有足夠之能力決定何人為該未成年子女之適任親權行使人，攸關是否符合「未成年子女最佳利益」原則之關鍵，誠為現今親子法研究之重要課題，亦為本文研究之重點所在。因「未成年子女最佳利益」之概念源起於英美法系，從而本文擬透過英國、美國、德國、日本及中華人民共和國等外國立法例之比較，探討我國現行法規範及實務裁判對於離婚後未成子女最佳利益之親權審酌標準，最後提出適用疑義及檢討建議，期能修正我國現有法制之不足，降低法院適用上之抽象不明確性，以落實維護未成年子女之最佳利益。 AbstractThis thesis consists of five chapters. It mainly studies the child custody after divorced by applying the best interests of the child principle. Since the Convention on the Rights of the Child was concluded by the United Nations in 1989, “the best interests of the child principle” proclaimed has become the highest standard complied by many nations to legislate for family laws. Taiwan is no exception. Taiwan’s current legal system generally allows legal intervention in the exercise of parental rights under certain circumstances, and “the best interests of the child principle” serves as the guideline for such intervention. However, Taiwan’s existing decision-making policy concerning the child custody after divorced tends to respect family autonomy. This means the child custody is left to the husband and wife for negotiations either it’s a “divorce by mutual consent”, a “divorce by mediation”, or a “judicial divorce”. Parents can apply for a judicial decision if they fail to reach an agreement. Parents can also file an incidental appeal for a judicial decision upon having a divorce. However, does the above condition fulfill the original intention to maintain “the best interests of the child” in case the legal system over relies on family autonomy and non-intervention in reconciling the child custody? In addition, legal intervention passively comes in only when the people who are incompetent at exercising parental rights. Can such passive intervention mend mistakes which have already happened? Meanwhile, some regulations in regard to the decisions on the child custody after divorced have been stipulated in Taiwan’s legal system. For example, Articles 1055 and 1055-1 of the Civil Code explicitly stipulate that “the best interests of the child” serves as the highest guideline for making a judicial decision or changing decisions on the affairs concerning the child custody. Nonetheless, these regulations are concrete and reasonable in one way but abstract and ambiguous in another. This is because “the best interests of the child principle” is considered as an uncertain legal concept from which disputes can easily arise when a court applies it to an individual case. Based on the above reasons, the author strongly considers it crucial to further discuss the emergence of harm on children done by parents who are incompetent to exercise parental rights in real lives due to a variety of deficiencies of Taiwan’s existing legal system and procedures. The “decision maker” over the child custody can be the parties in a divorce or a court. However, the competence of such a decision maker is the key to ensure “the best interests of the child” by choosing the competent person(s) to exercise parental rights to the child. Therefore, the above-mentioned perspective has become an important issue while studying family laws and thus it constructs the core of this thesis. The concept of “the best interests of the child” originated from the common law system. Therefore, in comparison with the legislative models in the UK, the US, Germany, Japan and PRC, this thesis will look into the standards and criteria featuring “the best interests of the child principle” presented by Taiwan’s existing laws and practices on the child custody after divorced. Finally, doubts on the applications of such criteria and related suggestions are made so as to help amend the insufficiency of the existing legal system in Taiwan, reduce abstraction and uncertainty while making a judicial decision, and substantially realize and maintain the best interests of the child.

離婚後親權酌定之研究－以未成年子女最佳利益為探討中心 = A study on the child custody after divorced－focus on the best interests of the child principle
王, 仙慧

離婚後親權酌定之研究－以未成年子女最佳利益為探討中心 = A study on the child custody after divorced－focus on the best interests of the child principle / 王仙慧撰 - [高雄市] : 撰者, 2014[民103]. - 139面 ; 圖，表 ; 30公分.
參考書目：面126-132103年12月16日公開.
親權child custody

離婚後親權酌定之研究－以未成年子女最佳利益為探討中心 = A study on the child custody after divorced－focus on the best interests of the child principle
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