| 摘要註: |
近年來，公務人員以及政治人物的操守一再地受到前所未有的社會關注。不論在台灣、中國大陸，甚至歐美，許多牽涉採購缺失、非法政治獻金、貪污、賄賂、回扣、濫用公帑，以及圖利他人等駭人聽聞的大型弊案，不約而同地出現在全國媒體之上。除此之外，食品安全問題更是如排山倒海般壟罩整個台灣，從最早的塑化劑、毒殿粉，直到最近的混充米、黑心醬油、香精麵包以及食用油等等，致全台民眾聞「食」色變，分不清現階段究竟何種食物才稱得上是「安全」。這一連串弊端的揭發，仰賴的卻不是公權力的介入，靠的卻是一群願意為正義挺身而出的「公民」，即所謂的「深喉嚨」或「吹哨者」，他們成功地捍衛公共利益，此刻他們願意為公益付出，國家就應該在適當時機伸出援手加以保護，否則將使其淪於不當之惡性循環，而非彼等所樂見。 對於吹哨者法律上的保護，不同的國家採取的做法也都略有差異，包括美國、英國、澳洲、加拿大等國。整體來看，「吹哨者保護法」在於要求組織內部應設置通暢的通報管道並確切保障通報人權益；其次，讓檢舉者的職位、薪水獲保障，不會因檢舉被降職或開除；對於因正當通報而遭報復者，除規定有補償外，並以刑罰制裁實施報復之人，有效打擊政府與企業部門的不法情事。 有鑑於我國對於吹哨者權益保障的規定，散見於各個不同的相關法律(如公平交易法、勞動基準法等等)，卻始終缺乏完整的保護機制，本研究則試圖借鏡美日相關的管理經驗與立法實務，再參酌本國相關案例，並強化內部倫理力量，進而建構「吹哨者保護法」雛型，以解決當前之困境。 In recent years, public attention has been repeatedly drawn to the integrity of government functionaries and politicians unprecedentedly. Be it in Taiwan, China, or even Europe and America, many appalling large-scale scams involved with deficiencies in procurement, illegal political contributions, corruption, bribery, kickbacks, misappropriation of public funds, and seeking unlawful gains for others, have appeared in national media at the same time coincidentally. Meanwhile, food safety issues have overwhelmed Taiwan, from plasticizing agents, tainted starch, to the recent mixed rice, contaminated soy sauce, artificial flavoring in “all-natural” bread and edible oil scandals. People in Taiwan guard themselves against problematic food, and have difficulty identifying “safe” food. This series of malpractices were not exposed through the intervention of public authority, but rather, the power of a group of “citizens” willing to stand up for justice, who are, put in other words, the so-called “Deep Throats” or “whistleblowers.” They successfully safeguard the public interests. While these citizens are willing to work for the public good, the nation should step in and protect them in a timely manner; otherwise, they might be stuck in a vicious cycle, which the nation certainly does not wish to see. Different countries show variations in their measures on protecting whistleblowers in the legal sense. Generally, "Whistleblower Protection Act" is to mandate an unobstructed report system within the organizations and to ensure the rights of the person filing a report. Further, the informants should be protected in their positions and salaries, not to be demoted or dismissed from their jobs due to the disclosure of information. People who are taken retaliation on after a proper and honest report should be compensated, and what’s more, punishment should be given the avenger, to effectively fight against the illegal incidents within government and corporate sectors. Given that our country’s regulations concerning protection of whistleblowers’ rights are scattered in related laws (for example, Fair Trade Act and Labor Standards Act) and there has been lack of a complete and intact protection mechanism, this study attempts to analyze the examples of management experience and legislative practice in the United States and Japan, and to deliberate upon related domestic cases, on which basis internal ethical force will be strengthened, to further establish a prototype of “Whistleblower Protection Act,” so as to solve the present predicament. |