| 摘要註: |
現今大環境暖化現象嚴重，無預警性的災難發生次數逐年增加，而在許多受災地區之居住問題解決方案成為災後重建重要課題，受災居民第一時間受到災難突發時，心理及生理大受影響，而首當其要必須解決之問題為生理需求，也即是安置的部分，而比較深層的心理反應則需要慢慢調整建構，通常第一時間災民被緊急安置的第一區域都是附近的活動中心或國中小學，爾後政府團體及民間團體介入再進行中繼的處理安排，中繼屋的興建至入住時間需要數個月，此階段災民處於開放性的居住空間品質以及災後創傷的情緒，通常都會造成災民二次傷害。 以台灣現況而言，以往回顧到台灣幾次災害中，政府體制總是以緩慢的速度重建受災家園，對於安置與重建制度處於模糊不清的狀態，而往最後決策大多為遷村至政府所認知的安全地帶，但是政策執行時卻遭遇當地居民不願意離家的抗拒，其原因在居民被迫於遷出自己熟捻的家鄉，頓時間失去地域性的掌控。 災難救助型態應為『因地制宜』，災難處理延伸出有句非常諷刺的話為『救災慢，遷村快』;意指政府對於災難處理速度非常的緩慢，而做出的政策往往都是希望居民偏離自己的原生地，但卻造成了非常大的反效果，產權的剝奪、居民的抗議等等。 本研究亦即針對解決方案研究方法利用了田野調查、深度訪談、問卷調查的方式，得知受災居民對安置住宅居住環境的重要度與滿意度，藉此找出驗證評估因子的屬性因子與影響因子，然後藉著屬性因子，試著從幾個永續觀點的面相去探討遷村的優劣，經濟、情感、文化、生活型態、空間，這些面相的綜合分析因子下的關係，以找出災後於災難後安置的綜合課題，並從其課題中檢討不符合災民需求的原因以及災民希望建議的模式，針對受災居民受訪的結果排列出因子權重，研究的成果提出災民不同的屬性，對於安置居住問題適應的情形，以及災民在災後對於環境的要求，進而提出對於未來規劃安置的考量因素，綜合分析下提供未來課題的建議。關鍵字：災後安置、中繼屋、救助型態、使用者觀點。 AbstractToday, our environment of global warming phenomenon is becoming serious, and the rate of disaster is increasing day by day. However, it became to an important issue in many affected residential area, and people’s psychological and physiological were influenced when they suddenly suffered from a disaster. At first the most important thing is to solve the physiological issue, and also it is part of placement to find the aid. Furthermore, for the psychological reaction it takes long time to adjust and release from the deeply heart, and then normally victims are placed at activity hall of the local middle school or the elementary school, right away. Finally, the government or some organizations will carry out and arrange for helping the victims, so they will build the house and estimate how long they will stay to pass by months. In this situation the victims are living in open area, so the quality of residential and the emotion of the suffering often make people double damage. Nowadays, for the situation of Taiwan people from many passed issues, the government always delayed to reconstruct the home slowly to the people, who suffered from the disaster, and the system of the placement and reconstruction are in unclear condition. Moreover, the final decisions were moving to the place, which the government think, is safety. When people were force to move to other strange area, it often happened that people resist from the placement, so all of the sudden they lost control.The patterns of relief should be “settled in the right place,” the disaster management extended an ironic saying, “rescue slow, and move quickly;” it means the aid from the government was really slow, and made a bad policy of moving away from people’s home. However, it was useless and causing a lot of problem; people made conflicts, or the property was deprived…etc. This study is focusing on how to solve the problem and using the investigation, interview, and survey to figure out how important and satisfaction for the living environment to the victims. To find the attribute factors and the impact factors of the evaluation factors, and then to take the attribute factors trying to use some perspective to figure out the advantage or disadvantage, economic, emotion, culture, lifestyle, and space. Furthermore, this study analyzes the relevant in these factors, and find out the integrative issues of suffering and the placement after affected from disaster. And also review the causes, which did not fit on people’s requirement, and formulate to each different cases. The result of study puts forward many elements and processes the factors of future planning for the situation of the adaptation, the placement and also the environment requirement, to provide the suggestion of study in the future. |