| 摘要註: |
登革熱是全世界嚴重的蟲媒傳播疾病，成功登革熱病媒蚊防治需應用綜合防治技術，本研究團隊過去模擬試驗結果顯示，微生物製劑及昆蟲生長調節劑進行混合施用於病媒蚊孳生源，可有效殺滅病媒蚊幼蟲，可做為綜合防治之應用；故本研究於高雄市登革熱病媒蚊密度較高之社區，進行實地綜合防治，並評估其效果。依社區室內外病媒蚊孳生源之積水量，室內分為5個以百利普芬12.5 ppb加蘇力菌374 ppb處理之實驗組、5個以百利普芬12.5 ppb加賜諾殺250 ppb處理之實驗組、及不以藥劑處理之對照組；室外分為13個以百利普芬12.5 ppb加蘇力菌374 ppb處理之實驗組、10個以百利普芬12.5 ppb加賜諾殺250 ppb處理之實驗組、10個以百利普芬12.5 ppb處理之實驗組、4個以蘇力菌374 ppb處理之實驗組、3個以蘇力菌1,496 ppb處理之實驗組、5個以賜諾殺250 ppb處理之實驗組、3個以賜諾殺500 ppb處理之實驗組、及不以藥劑處理之對照組；室內外施藥後觀察其24小時即效性，並每週取積水觀察其殘效性。結果顯示社區室內積水地下室孳生源防治，百利普芬加蘇力菌組及百利普芬加賜諾殺組之24小時即效性病媒蚊幼蟲死亡率達100%，對照組則為0%；殘效結果顯示，百利普芬加蘇力菌組及百利普芬加賜諾殺組對病媒蚊幼蟲致死率至第9週仍達100%；對照組之死亡率則為0%；社區室外集水井7個實驗組之24小時即效性病媒蚊幼蟲死亡率達100%，對照組則為0%；殘效結果顯示，百利普芬加蘇力菌組、百利普芬加賜諾殺組、百利普芬單劑組、蘇力菌單劑組(1,496 ppb)及賜諾殺單劑組(500 ppb)對病媒蚊幼蟲致死率至第2週仍達100%，蘇力菌單劑組(374 ppb)及賜諾殺單劑組(250 ppb)對病媒蚊幼蟲致死率至第1週仍達100%，對照組則為0%。將微生物製劑及昆蟲生長調節劑併用能降低單劑劑量，節省成本，殘效性延長，且不會影響水中其他生物，減少對人體及環境之危害，本研究結果可供登革熱病媒蚊綜合防治之參考。 Dengue has been a global issue of public health in recent years. A successful control of dengue vectors requires integrations of techniques. According to the results of simulations conducted by our research team, applying the mixtures of biological agents and insect growth regulators (IGRs) on breeding sites is able to exterminate dengue larvae effectively, which is the application of integrated controls. Therefore, this study is aimed to conduct integrated field experiments in communities with high density of dengue vectors in Kaohsiung City, and evaluate the control effects. Based on the amount of indoor and outdoor stagnant water, there were 5 experiment groups tested with mixtures of 12.5 ppb pyriproxyfen and 374 ppb Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis H-14 (Bti), five experiment groups tested with mixtures of 12.5 ppb pyriproxyfen and 250 ppb spinosad, and a control group tested with no agents indoor, while 13 experiment groups were tested with mixtures of 12.5 ppb pyriproxyfen and 374 ppb Bti, ten experiment groups were tested with mixtures of 12.5 ppb pyriproxyfen and 250 ppb spinosad, ten experiment groups were tested with 12.5 ppb pyriproxyfen, four experiment groups were tested with 374 ppb Bti, three experiment groups were tested with 1,496 ppb Bti, five experiment groups were tested with 250 ppb spinosad, three experiment groups were tested with 500 ppb spinosad, and a control group tested with no agents outdoor. The indoor and outdoor effectiveness were observed after 24 hours of application, and the stagnant water was sampled every week to assess the residual effects. The results revealed that, among the indoor groups, the 24-hr mortalities of the dengue larvae in experiment groups tested with the mixtures of pyriproxyfen and Bti and the mixtures of pyriproxyfen and spinosad reached 100% while that of the control group was 0%. The results of the residual experiments showed that the mortalities of the dengue larvae in experiment groups tested with the mixtures of pyriproxyfen and Bti and the mixtures of pyriproxyfen and spinosad still reached 100% on week 9, and the positive rates decreased as well. The mortality of the control group was 0%, and no fluctuation was observed in the positive rates. Among the outdoor groups, the 24-hr mortalities of the 5 experiment groups reached 100% while that of the control group was 0%. The results of the residual experiments showed that the mortalities of the experiment groups tested with the mixtures of pyriproxyfen and Bti, pyriproxyfen and spinosad, pyriproxyfena alone, Bti alone (1,496 ppb), and spinosad alone (50 ppb) still reached 100% on week 2. The mortalities of the experiment groups tested with Bti alone (374 ppb) and spinosad alone (250 ppb) still reached 100% on week 1 while that of the control group was 0%. Applying the mixtures of biological agents and IGRs can reduce the dosage applied in single agents, which also reduce the cost and exterminate dengue larvae effectively, cause no influence on aquatic organisms, and reduce harm to environment and people. The results of this study can serve as the reference for integrated control of dengue vectors. |