| 摘要註: |
現代人每天在室內環境中活動的時間大約占了90%(Jenkins et al., 1992)。隨著人們對生活品質之要求提高,室內裝潢被大量地使用於室內環境中。過去文獻指出塗料所逸散出的VOCs 高過其他建材(Fang et al.,1999; De Bortoli et al. ,1999)。加上建築物中牆壁、天花板常佔室內表面積的60%以上 (Morrison and Nazaroff, 2002),而台灣在室內裝修時牆壁、天花板通常會塗上塗料,因此塗料幾乎無所不在,其相關逸散對人體健康的影響不容忽視。本研究針對樹脂含量及被塗覆受質材料對低逸散健康綠建材塗料汙染物逸散之影響進行探索觀察不同樹脂成份(壓克力樹脂與聚醋酸乙烯樹脂)與不同樹脂重量比例(20%和30%)對塗料污染物逸散之影響。在被塗覆受質材料對塗料污染物逸散影響的實驗部分,觀察塗料塗覆於不同受質材料(不鏽鋼板(SS)、矽酸鈣板(CSB)與水泥板(Cement))時其汙染物逸散之變化。結果發現塗料中樹脂的種類與含量會影響揮發性有機物的逸散。使用壓克力樹脂為主要樹脂成分的塗料,其BTEX (Benzene、Toluene、Ethylbenzene 與 Xylene)與醛酮化合物的逸散均會低於使用聚醋酸乙烯樹脂為主要樹脂成分的塗料,但是樹脂的含量多寡卻對不同揮發性有機物有不同的影響;當塗料樹脂含量較高時會逸散出更多的醛酮化合物,但相反的,塗料樹脂含量較低時則會逸散出更多的BTEX。另外,當塗料被塗覆於多孔材料上時,與塗料被塗覆於惰性材料相比,塗料與多孔材料間有更強的交互作用。綠建材矽酸鈣板與綠建材水泥板兩種被塗覆受質材料對於來自塗料的一些揮發性有機物具有良好的吸附能力,如:toluene、formaldehyde、acetaldehyde、2-butanone、methacrolein、butyraldehyde和 benzaldehyde。來自被塗覆綠建材水泥板之BTEX及醛酮化合物總逸散量都比來自被塗覆綠建材矽酸鈣板高一點,這可能是由於綠建材矽酸鈣板的孔隙度略高於綠建材水泥板而造成的結果。至於toluene、formaldehyde和butyaldehyde這些化合物從被塗覆綠建材矽酸鈣板與綠建材水泥板的脫附速度則較慢。 The primary aim of this work is to explore the effect of resin content and the effect of substrate on the emission of BTEX and carbonyls from low-VOC water-based wall paint. Four low-VOC paints include paint A (20% Acrylic), paint B (30% Acrylic), paint C (20% polyvinyl acetate) and paint D (30% polyvinyl acetate) were painted on stainless steel specimen for the study of resin effect. Green calcium silicate, green cement and stainless steel were painted with paint A and paint C for the study of substrate effect. Concentrations of the VOCs in the chamber decreased with the elapsed time. Both resin type and resin quantity in paint had effects on VOC emissions. Paints with acrylic resin emitted less BTEX and carbonyls than paints with polyvinyl acetate resin. However, the effects of resin quantity varied with VOCs. Porous substrates were observed to interact more strongly with paints than inert substrates. Both green calcium silicate and green cement substrates have strong power of adsorption of VOCs from wall paints, namely toluene, formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, 2-butanone, methacrolein, butyraldehyde, and benzaldehyde. Some compounds like toluene, formaldehyde and butyaldehyde were desorbed very slowly from green calcium silicate and green cement substrates. |