| 摘要註: |
台灣因地理位置因素,經常遭遇天然災害,其中每逢颱風、豪雨便容易傳出坡地及淹水災情;再加上近年來全球天氣異常、氣候極端,使得台灣將面臨更大的衝擊。在全球氣候極端變遷與環境衝擊下,各個國家逐漸以脆弱度做為中心思想來評估氣候變遷帶來的影響。然而,脆弱度近年才逐漸受到國內學者的重視,導致國內尚未制定一套標準的脆弱度評估準則,且脆弱度的定義也相當模糊。故本研究將收集與歸納國內、外相關文獻,並以自然環境以及社會經濟面為基礎,擬定災害脆弱度指標及蒐集相關數據。最後,利用主成份分析法賦予指標權重,並運用群集分析法將行政區分群,進而判定各區之脆弱度高低。根據本研究以高雄市各行政區進行脆弱度分析之結果,甲仙區、六龜區及桃源區為坡地災害脆弱度較高的行政區;而路竹區、岡山區、橋頭區、阿蓮區、永安區、彌陀區、梓官區及美濃區為淹水災害脆弱度較高的行政區。而高脆弱度的原因多與弱勢族群比例高、缺乏救難資源及暴露於高災害風險下有關。本研究之成果可提供政府相關單位做為研擬防災、減災及調適策略時之參考。 Taiwan is an island with various natural hazards due to geographical conditions. It is likely to cause slopeland or flooding disasters during typhoon or heavy rainfall events. Under the influence of global extreme climate and abnormal weather, Taiwan will face greater challenges in the future. More and more researches focused on the vulnerability assessment to evaluate the impacts of climate changes. In Taiwan, however, the attention has just been paid to the environmental vulnerability in recent years. It has not yet been developed a standard of evaluation criteria for vulnerability assessment, and the definition of vulnerability is not clear, either. Therefore, this study reviewed and summarized literatures relevant to the environmental and social-economical vulnerability, in order to establish the indicators for disasters vulnerability, and build up the database of the indicators. This study conducted the principal component analysis and cluster analysis of the database, and the vulnerability of individual district in Kaohsiung city was determined. According to the analysis results in this study, Jiaxian, Liugui, and Taoyuan districts were those with the higher vulnerability for slopeland disaster. Luzhu, Gangshan, Qiaotou, Alian, Yongan, Mituo, Ziguan, and Meinong districts were those with the higher vulnerability for flooding disaster. The reasons for those districts with the higher vulnerability were higher proportion of the disadvantaged groups, less rescue resources and more exposure to the risks of disasters. Thus, the governmental agencies can take the analysis results in this study for reference to formulate policies of disaster prevention, disaster mitigation, and adaptation. |