| 摘要註: |
在全球經濟快速成長的亞太地區,港口之間競爭非常激烈,高雄港曾長期位居世界貨櫃吞吐量第三大港。近年來由於台灣產業外移、轉型,以及港口設施老舊、腹地與水深不足,因此貨櫃吞吐量大幅下滑,是全球前二十大港大中,唯一吞吐量衰退者。所以政府為了挽救高雄港之競爭力,實施轉型策略,積極將高雄港發展成為亞太轉運中心、全球運籌中心。本研究旨在探討高雄港營運之轉型策略,瞭解高雄港營運之現況及未來發展,以高雄港進出口貨櫃和轉口貨櫃為研究範圍,針對高雄港營運演變歷成及政府的政策計畫做分析,以系統思考基模的方式,整理、歸納及分析高雄港貨櫃運輸之未來發展,並以高雄港的碼頭貨櫃吞吐量、航商船舶噸位與載貨量、港口作業效率以及相關營運單位資金流之間的交互影響關係為研究重點。研究之顯示結果,高雄港失去競爭力之關鍵因素,除碼頭水深不足、產業外移、轉型外,貨櫃中心數量及港口腹地資源亦不足,使航商之航運成本增加而降低願意駐港的意願,進而影響港口的收入而無法建設碼頭;且也無足夠的就業機會活絡市場經濟,種種因素皆影響了貨櫃需求量,因此政府所實施的政策對改善之效果由系統思考模式可看出確實對其衰退之主因有調節正向之作用,但明顯之結果還有待長時間觀察。 Kaohsiung Harbor's container throughput used to be the third highest over the world. However, its container throughput have leveled off due to various reasons such as the competitive growth among Asian nations, outmoded equipment, the lack of sufficient hinterland and harbor depth, as well as the offshoring and transformation of Taiwanese conglomerates. Among the twenty largest harbors worldwide, Kaohsiung Harbor is the only one whose container throughput had dropped throughout the previous years. Therefore, the government has launched out a series of transformation proposals, aiming at transforming Kaohsiung Harbor into the center of transportation in Asia, and a global logistic center. The objective of this study is to illustrate the transformation, the current operation and future development of Kaohsiung Harbor. Base on the quantity of the imported, exported, and transported containers, as well as the historic background and government policies regarding Kaohsiung Harbor, this study analyzes the future of Kaohsiung Harbor's container transportation with system thinking. The research focuses on the connections between Kaohsiung Harbor's container throughput, tonnage and cargo-carrying capacity of the water-crafts, operational efficiency, and the cash flow between each department. The result shows that, besides the lack of harbor depth and the offshoring and transformation of the industries, lacking container terminals and hinterland is the main reason Kaohsiung Harbor has lost its competitiveness. As a result, less ocean carriers station in Kaohsiung Harbor, hence the scarce financial benefits for developing the harbor and less job demands. Therefore, the adjustment in government policies has positive impact on transforming Kaohsiung Harbor, as proved by system thinking. However, it takes longer time for significant results to take place. |