| 摘要註: |
立法院司法及法制委員會於99年5月24日初審通過少年及家事法院組織法草案時附帶決議,司法院應考量城鄉差距及業務需要,於五年內在北、中、南、東地區各成立一所少年及家事法院,以解決少年及家事問題。而在我國家事事件法於100年12月12日三讀通過後,審酌少年案件與家事事件之特別性、專業性等需求,在「一個家庭一個法院」之原則下,司法院於101年6月1日將「臺灣高雄少年法院」改制為「臺灣高雄少年及家事法院」,成為全國第一所少年及家事法院。希望藉由臺灣高雄少年及家事法院之成立,提供完善、專業的審理制度,以重建家庭結構,解決家庭紛爭。為使法官審理案件能更迅速有效率,法治先進國家無不進行推動法院組織之專業化及人員之專業化。比較美、日、韓的少年、家事法院的設立,美國於1899年4月21日,伊利諾州州議會通過「少年法院法」(Juvenile Court Act),成立世界第一所少年法院,而日本家庭裁判所成立於1949年1月1日,根據少年法和家事審判法規定,專門處理少年違法犯罪案件和有關離婚與繼承等家庭糾紛案件。韓國首爾則於1963年10月1日設家事法院,在家庭關係和少年犯罪案件有專屬管轄權,因此法院專業化實為時勢所趨。本文研究架構主要係以專業化理論為基礎,包括組織專業化及人員專業化,組織專業化探討我國法院組織中專業法院的司法實務;而人員專業化包括專業人員選派與專業人員輔助制度。藉由探討高雄少年及家事法院實施專業化之現況及所產生之成效及問題,分析專業法院應如何獲得專業化的結果與未來影響。 Judiciary and Organic Laws and Statutes Committee passed the Draft of the Juvenile and Family Court Organization Law at first reading on May 24, 2010 and had a attached resolution. The Judicial Yuan should consider business needs and urban-rural gap to establish Juvenile and Family Court at north, central, south, east district in five years to resolve juvenile and family issues. The Legislative Yuan passed the Family Proceedings Act at third reading on Dec. 12, 2011. The occurrence of the juvenile and family cases has its individual and professional. To achieve the goal of "one family, one court", the Judicial Yuan had restructured Taiwan Kaohsiung Juvenile Court Taiwan Kaohsiung Juvenile and Family Court on June 1, 2012, which is the first juvenile and family court in our country. It was hoped that through a perfected professional review system, the family could be reconstructed and family issues could be rapidly and appropriately resolved. These countries have advanced laws all promote specialization of court organization and staff to ensure judges hear cases as quickly and efficiently as possible. In comparison with the establishment of the juvenile court or family court in the United States, Japan and South Korea, the world's first juvenile court, authorized by the Illinois Juvenile Court Act of April 21, 1899, was founded in 1899 in the United States. Japan Family Courts were established on January 1, 1949, according Juvenile Act and Domestic Relations Trial Act, specially deals with cases involving juvenile delinquents, and domestic disputes, such as divorce and inheritance cases. The Family Court in South Korea, provided with exclusive jurisdiction over domestic relations and juvenile offense cases, was first established in Seoul on October 1, 1963. Therefore, the specialization of court is the trend of the times.The research architecture of this paper is mainly based on the specialized theory, including the specialization of organization and staff. The specialization of organization is to investigate judicial procedure of the professional court in our country court's organization and the specialization of staff is including professional selected and auxiliary system. By discussing the specialization implementation situation of Taiwan Kaohsiung Juvenile and Family Court and its effectiveness and problems is to analysis how the court should get specialization results and the impact of future. |