| 摘要註: |
政府採購法之施行,使得各級政府機關之採購作業有了準繩,也同為私人企業、學校及團體之採購依據。但不良廠商停權機制,對廠商之工作權、財產權及生存權影響極大,在實際運作上,尚有改善空間,以達停權制度更加完整。本文僅針對不良廠商之停權爭議討論,參酌國內學者論著及實務見解,探討廠商因不法行為、違反契約責任、違反採購作業而遭停權之事由及其爭議,並進行研討。本文認為政府採購法之停權處分制度雖有影響廠商工作權之虞,但亦提供異議、申訴及行政救濟途徑,具備公平、正義原則,可提供維護政府採購效率之功能,現況雖未臻完美,但仍應保有停權處分制度且須適時修法、與時俱進。本研究結論建議如下: 一、對修法之建議:(一)暫時停權制度:以有效達成防止其他採購機關受害並保障其他廠商之權益。(二)申訴會調解制度:申訴同時申請調解,而以提出調解建議方案之方式先予解決,待雙方決定是否接受該調解方案後,再就不良廠商之申訴事件做出申訴審議判斷。(三)國家賠償機制:如個案具體情形符合國家賠償法第二條第二項規定之要件時,其應得申請國家賠償。以保障廠商權益,避免機關擅自坐大,欺壓廠商。(四)情節重大機制:避免對廠商之生存權及財產權產生極大之剝奪,應加註「情節重大」之比例原則,以避免機關輕易對廠商做出不良廠商之處分。二、對機關之建議:(一)建立採購人員分級承辦採購業務機制:對不同採購金額分層級辦理採購,達一定金額以上應委託上級機關之專責人員辦購,以避免採購錯誤態樣。(二)強化採購前採購計畫書之研擬審查機制:採購計劃書甚或採購規格、契約書、圖樣之研擬與審查均應建立機制,或委託上一級機關審查,可有效預防採購過程之疏漏。(三)加強機關積極處理廠商異議問題之反映機制:異議申訴制度即是機關第一道自我檢視的關卡,可避免機關內部人員因對法規之認知誤差而坐大,對廠商之異議不予處理或輕易以一紙公文回覆廠商維持原議而不做自我反省;也可減少廠商再行提出申訴。(四)確定機關對情節重大之定義及處理機制:機關對不良廠商違犯之情節應依比例原則處分,應明定其定義於採購文件上,且不得以廣泛之法律用語帶過,以避免爾後認知差異產生困擾,以保障廠商權益並有效增進採購效能。 The implementation of the Government Procurement Law, so that all levels of government procurement practices with the yardstick, but also with the purchase of private businesses, schools and organizations are the basis. But right mechanism to stop bad companies, manufacturers of the right to work, property rights and the right to life great impact. In actual practice, there is room for improvement in order to achieve a more complete system suspended. This article is suspended for the controversial discussion of the bad companies, taking into account any domestic scholars discussed and practical insights, explore the manufacturers because of wrongdoing, breach of contractual obligations, violation of the procurement practices and who were the subject of the dispute suspended, and discussion. This paper argues that suspended sanctions regime despite the impact of the Government Procurement Law, the right to work of the danger of manufacturers, but also offer objections, appeals and administrative relief ways, with fairness, justice principle, to provide maintenance function efficiency of government procurement, the current situation, although not perfect, but it should retain the right to stop the punishment system and require timely amend the law with the times. The findings suggest the following: First, the proposal for amending the law: (A) Suspend rights system: in order to effectively prevent other procurement agencies to reach victims and to protect the interests of other manufacturers. (B) The applicant will mediation system: The complainant also apply for mediation and conciliation in the manner of the proposals put forward should be resolved until after the parties decide whether to accept the mediation program, and then on adverse events from a third party to make a complaint appeal judge for consideration. (C) The State Compensation Mechanism: Such as the specific circumstances of the case in line with the provisions of the State Compensation Law requirements Article Second, it should have applied for state compensation. In order to protect the interests of manufacturers, authorities arbitrarily inflating avoid bullying manufacturers. (D) The circumstances are serious mechanisms: the right to life and to avoid vendor of the property have a great deprivation, should raise the proportion of the principle of "serious nature", the authorities in order to avoid Debarred List easily for manufacturers to make the punishment. Second, the authority recommends: (A) The establishment of procurement staff grading contractor procurement mechanisms: Different purchase amount hierarchical processing the procurement, up to a certain amount or more should be entrusted to a dedicated team of superior authority to do shopping, to avoid purchasing the wrong aspect. (B) Strengthening the procurement plan before purchasing elaboration Book Review Mechanism: Procurement plan or even purchase specifications, contract offers, elaboration of design and review mechanism should be set up, or commission to review the level of organs, which can effectively prevent the procurement process omissions. (C) To strengthen mechanisms of organ vendors actively reflect objection issue: opposition appeal system is the organ that is the first hurdle self-review can be avoided due to the internal organs of personnel error and regulations of awareness and expanding, vendors not to deal with the objection or easily maintain the original proposed reply to a manufacturer of paper documents without doing self-examination; manufacturers can also reduce the appeal again. (D) Identify the major organs of the circumstances of the definition and treatment mechanism: organ adverse circumstances violate the manufacturer shall be punished in accordance with the principle of proportionality, the definition should be clearly set on procurement documents, and not able to take over a wide range of legal terms to avoid a later cognitive differences produce problems. To safeguard the interests of manufacturers and the effective promotion procurement effectiveness. |