| 摘要註: |
二十世紀後半工業及人類活動的急速擴張,加上大量生產、大量消費、大量廢棄的生活型態,造成環境污染、資源銳減、進而危及人類世代的生存與發展。社會與經濟急速發展,人口大量往都市集中,亦造成都市建築趨向快速並高密度發展,而發展過程中,常常會因為營建產業之發展使地球生態環境受到嚴重衝擊,所以營建相關產業需負起部分責任,思考未來如何環境共生共存,如何有效的降低造成污染與能源浪費。根據2005年至2014年台灣核發建築使用執照之總樓地板面積相關資料,經統計有將近90%的建築使用鋼筋混凝土(包含RC造及鋼骨鋼筋混凝土造),而使用木構造不到1%,同時也針對國外在這10年當中興建已完成的高樓層木構造進行統計,發現木構造數量逐年均增加之趨勢,並未來朝向更高樓層邁進。依據全生命週期評估(Life Cycle Assessment)分析建築物的建材、營建、使用、回收階段中,探討其中的建材生產階段與營建施工階段的耗能量及CO2排碳量,從鋼筋混凝土建築與CLT木構造建築之角度,並依照現有建築技術規則,以四層樓透天式住宅(簷高不超過14公尺)建築結構型式,詳細討論影響結構體建材用量其影響程度及結構性能作綜合評估研究,計算出各別構造CO2 排碳量,並回歸檢討≪國際主要永續建築評估工具≫之有關CO2減量評估指標。最後,以生命週期的總排碳量而言,經驗證發現鋼筋混凝土構造物排碳量高出CLT木構造物為66.245.36kg,根據工研院之研究結果,各項交通工具單位里程碳排係數,四輪車每百公里碳排放量為25.7kg,國道一號全路段總長374公里,約可以行駛689趟。而總耗能量而言,以單位樓地板面積耗能量來比較,CLT木構造建築比鋼筋混凝土建築減少約 40.9 kWh/m2。本研究資料中顯示在建築物的生命週期中,不同的建築結構會影響到後續各階段能源的使用。 Since the late 20th century, the rapid expansion of semi-industrialization and human activities, together with the lifestyle of mass production, heavy consumption and affluent waste, have caused environmental pollution and sharp reduction in resources, and are now endangering the survival and development of future generations of human beings. As the society and economy develop rapidly, a large number of population begins to concentrate in the cities, which results in that urban architectures tend to adopt rapid and high density development. However, during the process of development, the development of the construction industry usually creates great impact on the ecological environment of the earth, so part of the responsibilities of the construction industry is to think about how it can coexist with the environment and effectively reduce the pollution and energy waste, while maintaining a quality life quality, health and green environment at the same time. According to relevant data on the total floor area of the building use permits issued in Taiwan from 2005 to 2014, nearly 90% of the buildings used reinforced concrete (including reinforced concrete and steel reinforced concrete) and less than 1% adopted wooden structure. Meanwhile, according to the statistics made on the completed high-rise wooden structures overseas during the same 10-year period, it is found that the number of wooden structures tends to rise year by year and even higher buildings will be erected in the future. This study analyzed the building materials, construction, use and recovery phase of the buildings based on the life cycle assessment, in order to examine the energy consumption and carbon dioxide emission during the production and construction stages of building materials. A comprehensive evaluation research was made on the level of influence of the amount of structure building materials used and the structural performance according to the structural style of four-floor raised buildings (the eaves height shall not exceed 14m) from the perspective of reinforced concrete buildings and CLT wooden structure buildings, with the carbon dioxide emission of individual structures calculated and the carbon dioxide reduction index related to the Green Building Rating System reviewed. Finally, in terms of the total carbon emission during the life cycle, it is validated that the carbon emission of reinforced concrete structures is 66.245.36kg higher than CLT wooden structures. According to the research results of the Industrial Technology Research Institute on the carbon emission coefficient per kilometer of each transportation vehicle, the carbon emission of a four wheelers is 25.7kg per hundred kilometers, which amounts to about 689 trips on the 374-kilometer-long total section of National Highway No. 1. Concerning the total energy consumption, the energy consumption per floor area of CLT wooden structure buildings is reduced by about 40.9 kWh/m2 compared to reinforced concrete buildings. The research data shows that different building structures will influence the subsequent energy use in the life cycle of the buildings. |