| 摘要註: |
2009 年8 月8 日,莫拉克颱風於高雄山區累計降下約1,400 毫米雨量,造成六龜區、杉林區、甲仙區及那瑪夏區多處民宅、橋樑及道路遭土石流研沖毀,讓民眾對於土石流災害更加重視。除災前整備及平時防災教育訓練,應用防災軟體可於臨災時有效提升應變能力。隨各式智慧型行動裝置日益普及,無線網路支援及定位已是必備功能。由財團法人資訊工業策進會調查統計結果顯示,國內智慧型手持行動裝置普及率已達73.4%,若與土石流防災管理應用程式結合運用,面對土石流災害更可展現資料即時性及便利性之防災功能。然現今國內的防災相關應用程式卻無法克服離線地圖資訊查找之功能,對於偏遠山區等網路易發異常地區之民眾而言,災害來臨時卻因網路無法連線導致無從得知疏散避難相關訊息,可能造成民眾因此延遲避難逃生時機。故本研究為克服此一困境,開發以一般民眾及防災業務相關專責人員為主要對象之連線及可離線應用程式,針對土石流防災應變資料需求為設計方向,並考量個資法限制,設計部分功能需權限方能使用。以Android 系統開發土石流防災管理應用程式為例,其使用中央氣象局提供之雨量更新資訊、行政院農委會水土保持局之土石流警戒資訊、高雄市政府社會局之避難收容處所清冊以及104 年度強化土石流防災整備及應變研判執行計畫之土石流防災資料庫,結合Google Maps Android API、KML、JSON、XML 及CSV 撰寫應用程式碼。一般民眾使用本應用程式可即時掌握附近雨量站之雨量資訊及土石流紅黃警戒狀況,臨災時可導航前往系統規劃之鄰近避難收容處所進行疏散避難,並透過檢視土石流潛勢溪流、收容處所及直升機起降點等地理位置資訊,在逃生時可避開災害潛勢範圍,安全前往避難收容處所。另防災業務相關專責人員操作本應用程式可進行土石流保全清冊查詢,對於發布土石流警戒時更能準確掌握各里之保全戶數及所在位置。 In addition to applying predisaster preparedness as well as disaster education andtraining during peacetime, applying disaster prevention software effectively improvespeople's resilience to disasters. Since the increasing prevalence of various smart mobiledevices, wireless network support and positioning have become mandatory functionsdemanded from these devices. When handheld smart mobile devices are used in conjunctionwith landslide prevention and management applications, landslide-related information andmanagement can be practiced in an immediate and convenient manner. However, map searchfunctions of existing disaster management applications used in Taiwan are inadequate whenno Internet access is available. People living in remote mountains where network anomaliesare frequent are thus unable to acquire evacuation information at times of networkmalfunctioning. Consequently, the opportunities for these people to escape from disastersmay be delayed. Therefore, this study represents an attempt to develop an offline application for the sakeof overcoming this dilemma, and it's based on requirements for landslide prevention andmanagement data. People use this application can immediately receive the information ofrainfall, potential debris flow alert, debris flow location, shelter, etc. Furthermore, staff ofdisaster prevention can use this application to inquire people who live in dangerous zone. |