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Theory of thermodynamic measurements...

Shastry, Abhay.

Theory of thermodynamic measurements of quantum systems far from equilibrium

紀錄類型:	書目-電子資源 : Monograph/item
正題名/作者:	Theory of thermodynamic measurements of quantum systems far from equilibriumby Abhay Shastry.
作者:	Shastry, Abhay.
出版者:	Cham :Springer International Publishing :2019.
面頁冊數:	xvii, 144 p. :ill., digital ;24 cm.
Contained By:	Springer eBooks
標題:	Quantum systems.
電子資源:	https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-33574-8
ISBN:	9783030335748$q(electronic bk.)

Theory of thermodynamic measurements of quantum systems far from equilibrium
Shastry, Abhay.

Theory of thermodynamic measurements of quantum systems far from equilibrium[electronic resource] /by Abhay Shastry. - Cham :Springer International Publishing :2019. - xvii, 144 p. :ill., digital ;24 cm. - Springer theses,2190-5053. - Springer theses..

Chapter1. Introduction -- Chapter2. Temperature and Voltage -- Chapter3. Coldest Measurable Temperature -- Chapter4. STM as a Thermometer -- Chapter5. Entropy -- Chapter6. Concluding Remarks.

This thesis presents several related advances in the field of nonequilibrium quantum thermodynamics. The central result is an ingenious proof that the local temperature and voltage measurement in a nonequilibrium system of fermions exists and is unique, placing the concept of local temperature on a rigorous mathematical footing for the first time. As an intermediate step, a proof of the positivity of the Onsager matrix of linear response theory is given -- a statement of the second law of thermodynamics that had lacked an independent proof for 85 years. A new experimental method to measure the local temperature of an electron system using purely electrical techniques is also proposed, which could enable improvements to the spatial resolution of thermometry by several orders of magnitude. Finally, a new mathematically-exact definition for the local entropy of a quantum system in a nonequilibrium steady state is derived. Several different measures of the local entropy are discussed, relating to the thermodynamics of processes that a local observer with varying degrees of information about the microstates of the system could carry out, and it is shown that they satisfy a hierarchy of inequalities. Proofs of the third law of thermodynamics for generic open quantum systems are presented, taking into account the entropic contribution due to localized states. Appropriately normalized (per-state) local entropies are defined and are used to quantify the departure from local equilibrium.

ISBN: 9783030335748$q(electronic bk.)

Standard No.: 10.1007/978-3-030-33574-8doiSubjects--Topical Terms:

696793
Quantum systems.

LC Class. No.: TK7874.885 / .S53 2019

Dewey Class. No.: 530.12011

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520 $a This thesis presents several related advances in the field of nonequilibrium quantum thermodynamics. The central result is an ingenious proof that the local temperature and voltage measurement in a nonequilibrium system of fermions exists and is unique, placing the concept of local temperature on a rigorous mathematical footing for the first time. As an intermediate step, a proof of the positivity of the Onsager matrix of linear response theory is given -- a statement of the second law of thermodynamics that had lacked an independent proof for 85 years. A new experimental method to measure the local temperature of an electron system using purely electrical techniques is also proposed, which could enable improvements to the spatial resolution of thermometry by several orders of magnitude. Finally, a new mathematically-exact definition for the local entropy of a quantum system in a nonequilibrium steady state is derived. Several different measures of the local entropy are discussed, relating to the thermodynamics of processes that a local observer with varying degrees of information about the microstates of the system could carry out, and it is shown that they satisfy a hierarchy of inequalities. Proofs of the third law of thermodynamics for generic open quantum systems are presented, taking into account the entropic contribution due to localized states. Appropriately normalized (per-state) local entropies are defined and are used to quantify the departure from local equilibrium.
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