| 摘要註: |
在國際經濟變動的局勢以及高齡化及少子化的社會問題之下，台灣面臨了經濟結構的轉型及人口的變遷，而全球化的趨勢以及勞動市場在專業及基層人力上不足問題，造成企業在產業結構的被迫調整及外移，而目前擁有全球最大市場及勞動力優勢的中國大陸，吸納了世界各國企業進駐，不但使得國家在經濟上蓬勃發展，也促使人才的需求量高居世界各國，相對台灣在企業外移中國大陸，以及台灣高等教育上所面臨問題，也造就了目前開放陸生來台就學之議題的重要性。台灣高等教育在面對陸生來台就學的問題時，必須發展出具跨國性及國際觀的教育政策及制度，來因應高等教育的國際市場趨勢，而制定完善的學歷採認，及擬定陸生來臺就學的政策、制度及招生規劃、策略，實屬當前務要，另進駐中國大陸之台商企業，為降低內部人力的文化差異與衝突，並提升企業競爭力，在培育具台灣文化的大陸優秀人才上，亦與陸生來台就學的意願，有著密不可分的關係。故期前瞭解影響陸生來台就學的意願因素，則可避免所制定之政策及制度，在執行的成效上無法彰顯或無法達到預期目的，本研究從陸生的人格特質、生涯規劃及個人特徵對來台就學的意願影響，探討兩岸高等教育政策及制度在彼此之間的效果。針對中國大陸廈門地區中學學生發出問卷1179份、回收1179份，有效問卷1139份，有效回收率96.61%，經迴歸及差異分析結果如下:一、人格特質對於陸生來台就學意願呈顯著影響。二、生涯規劃對於陸生來台就學意願呈顯著正向影響。三、個人特徵對於陸生來台就學意願呈顯著差異。四、兩岸高等教育政策及制度在人格特質與陸生來台就學意願間不存在調節效果。五、兩岸高等教育政策及制度在生涯規劃與陸生來台就學意願間存在調節效果。結論：根據研究結果提出下列建議一、在政府方面建議，必須建立完善且平等的兩岸學歷相互採認機制，制定陸生來台就學後的完善配套措施及考量後續的發展問題，並控制高等教育需求數的平衡，提升教育品質，在環境、教育方式、制度及政策上應具多元化及國際觀。二、在學校方面建議，在制定招生的策略上，擴大招生宣傳，並針對弱勢家庭傳達來台就學之相關訊息，且在開放的系所、學校的類別及招生方式部分，採以多元化策略，並考量提供來台就學之相關獎助措施或相關生活照料部分。三、在台商企業方面建議，人才的培育，傾向外向開放工作類別之人才為優先，並依個人生涯目標的不同，進行不同工作性質及人力的培育規劃，制定受企業培育人才的升遷管道及待遇提高，以提高來台就學意願及企業人才的留任。 Under the International economic changing environments, and social issues of aging population and low birth rate, Taiwan now is facing the transformation of economic structure and population.For the trend of globalization, shortage of professional talents, and basic labor markets, it forced enterprises to change industrial structures and move out their plants into other countries with lower labor costs. Currently China has the biggest markets and labor cost advantages in the world. China government successfully attracted world-wide enterprises investments in local economy, which brought highly economic growth and facilitated higher manpower demands than other countries. Compared to Taiwan’s investments in China and higher education issues, it enhanced the motivations to accept the students of mainland China to study in Taiwan, which has caused the highly debates and critical issues recently.In order to solve the issues of the students of mainland China studying in Taiwan, Taiwan higher education authorities need to develop educational policies and systems with global vision to cope with the international trend. For instance: formulate completed diploma recognition, formulate the policies to specify the regulations of the students of mainland China studying in Taiwan, student recruiting plans, systems, and strategies, which are the critical issues for this moment. Meanwhile, in order to lower the internal cultural difference and improve corporate competitiveness, Taiwan enterprises who are currently investing in China, have the closed relationship with the willingness of the students of mainland China studying in Taiwan.For understanding the impacts of willingness of the students of mainland China can make sure the policies and systems formulation for avoiding unexpected results and increasing the effective implementation, this study will discuss correlations and its effects between the cross-strait higher educational policies and systems from the aspects of student’s personality, career planning, and individual characteristics. The questionnaires were issued 1179 copies to the junior high students in Xiamen region of mainland China. The recovery was 1179 copies with 1139 valid questionnaires. The effective recovery rate was 96.61%. The results from the regression and discriminate analysis were shown in the following:1. Personality has significantly impacts of the willingness of the students of mainland China to study in Taiwan.2. Career planning has positive impacts of the willingness of the students of mainland China to study in Taiwan.3. individual characteristics has discrepancy for the willingness of the students of the mainland China to study in Taiwan.4. Cross-strait higher educational policies and systems between personality and the willingness of the students of mainland China to study in Taiwan do not exist the adjust effects.5. Cross-strait higher educational policies and systems between the career planning and the willingness of the students of mainland China to study in Taiwan exists the adjust effects.Conclusion: According to the research results, suggestions are proposed in the following:1. Suggestions for the government: They have to build up the completed and equal cross-strait diploma recognition systems, formulate related measures when the students of mainland China begin to study in Taiwan, control the balance of higher educational demands, and improve education quality under the international and multicultural environment.2. Suggestions for Schools: For the recruiting strategies, they need to expand the promotion scale, and provide more information to the disadvantages families. Meanwhile, in the accepting faculties, school categories, and recruiting methods, they have to take diversity strategies and provide the scholarship, life guidance, or related measures to encourage the willingness.3. Suggestions for Taiwanese enterprises: human resource cultivation is suggested to open job categories as the first priority, and then based on individual career planning to cultivate manpower, formulate promotion channels, and improve benefits standards in order to increase the willingness of study in Taiwan and human talent retention. |