| 摘要註: |
近年來台灣經濟快速成長，國內生產毛額(GDP)逐年遞增因而促進金融業之發展，亦伴隨著金融市場規模快速擴增。然而台灣銀行業由早期的屬寡佔市場邁入高度競爭且低獲利之完全競爭市場。就銀行業而言，主要收入為存放款利差。近十年來台灣銀行業存放款利差逐年下滑，相較於中國大陸銀行業則為穩定成長之趨勢；另一方面，台灣銀行業的資產報酬率(ROA)與淨值報酬率(ROE)之企業績效衡量指標皆低於國際大型銀行，故台灣銀行業已處於微利階段。早期兩岸金融業因受限於政治考量交流甚少，隨後藉由兩岸簽訂MOU與ECFA，促使兩岸金融業進入新的時代。截至目前為止，已有六家台資銀行業在中國大陸設立分行，分別為國泰世華銀行、第一商業銀行、彰化商業銀行、合作金庫商業銀行、土地銀行與華南商業銀行，其中第一銀行在成都設立第二家大陸分行之申請已獲金管會核准，預計2012年6月底前營業。此外，有四家陸資銀行在台設立辦事處，分別為交通銀行、中國銀行、招商銀行與中國建設銀行，其中交通銀行與中國銀行已提出設立分行之申請，預計2012年第一季獲准並經營業務，兩岸金融交流將邁入雙向競爭的新階段。本研究透過大量的次級資料蒐集，針對中國大陸金融業發展概況、外資銀行在中國大陸現況與兩岸金融合作等文獻彙整，透過歷史回顧法、五力分析、SWOT分析與專家訪談，探討台灣銀行業至中國大陸發展之策略與建議，希冀可作為台灣銀行業到中國大陸投資之參考。研究建議如下：(一)、對政府政策部分：(1)建立完善之兩岸金融監理合作機制。(2)建立兩岸貨幣清算協議。(3)大陸銀行業至台灣市場發展因應之道。(二)、對銀行業者部分：(1)由相同背景之銀行合組公司進入中國大陸市場。(2)台資銀行可考慮成立中國大陸地區之交流平台。(3)審慎評估經營風險。 The Taiwan economy has been grown rapidly in recent years, and thus the Gross Domestic Product has increased substantially. The expansion of the economy has resulted in an increase in the size of the financial sector. Due to the financial sector reform, the banking industry has been transformed from an oligopoly into a highly competitive market, so the interest rate spread has been gradually reduced. In contrast, the interest rate spread for the China banking industry has been quite stable. In the meantime, both the return of assets (ROA) and the return of equity (ROE) for the Taiwan banking industry are also lower than that of international large banks, indicating that the Taiwan banking industry is in a low return stage. The financial sectors in cross-strait seldom exchange in the past due to political reason. However, the situation has entered a new era after signings of Memorandum of Understand (MOU) and the Economic Cooperation Framework Agreement (ECFA). At this moment, there are six commercial banks from Taiwan setting up branches in mainland China, including Cathy United Bank, First Commercial Bank, Chang Hwa Commercial Bank, Cooperative Bank, Land Bank, and Hua Nan Commercial Bank. Of these Banks, First Commercial Bank also sets up second branch in Chengdu, which has been approve by the Taiwan Financial Service Commission and is expected to operate for business in June 2012. Meanwhile, there are four Chinese counterparts setting up offices in Taiwan, including Bank of Communication, Bank of China, China Merchants Bank, and China Construction Bank. Of these Banks, Bank of Communication and Bank of China have already applied for setting up branches and are expected to open for business in the first quarter of 2012. This will result in a competitive situation for both financial sectors in cross-strait. The main purpose of this study is to investigate the Chinese financial sector operations and foreign banks management strategies in China by using the methods of five-force analysis, SWOT analysis, historical review. and expert interview. The major findings of this study will serve as references for those Taiwanese banks planning to undertake investment in banking in China in the near future. Major suggestions derived from this study are : First, regarding government policies it should (1) establish a sound cross-strait financial supervisory mechanism, (2) establish a cross-strait currency settlement agreement, and (3) develop ways and means in response to China banking industry entering Taiwan financial market. Secondly, for bankers in Taiwan they should (1) jointly set up a company entering the China financial market, (2) set up an exchange platform for those Taiwanese banks in China, and (3) carefully evaluate operational risks in the China financial market. |