| 摘要註: |
本研究以次級文獻法進行臺灣、日本與南韓三個國家的長期照顧制度建置之研究。研究的理論觀點分別為福利政策與制度的公共化、民營化,以及營利化。據此,本研究先行討論福利政策施行的福利國家理論、民營化理論,以及營利化(市場化)理論。其次,透過次級文獻了解到日本早於2000年即實施「長照保險法」,南韓及台灣亦於2008年分別實施「老人長期照顧保險法」及「長期照顧十年計畫」,這些政策的目的即在於提供長期照顧服務給有需求的人。研究結果指出,在國家、市場與私人領域的家庭界線移轉的過程中,東亞國家早期皆以家庭為主要的服務提供者,然而,隨著人口結構快速老化以及家庭功能逐漸萎縮的情況下,國家遂逐漸擴張正式部門服務體系。然而,不同於北歐以國家為雇主聘僱勞動者進而提供服務的模式,東亞國家較強調藉由非營利組織提供照顧服務。故而,國家、市場與家庭在長期照顧服務的界線中,將逐漸朝向市場中的非營利組織發展,臺灣、日本與南韓也不例外,在長期照顧制度的建置上,包含實際服務提供與財務面,多以混合福利經濟的方式提供長期照顧服務,國家均非服務的直接提供者,而是扮演管制者的角色。 In this study, the secondary literature is used to understand long-term care system in Taiwan, Japan and South Korea. Theoretical approach to the study of the welfare policies and systems are public process, privatization and profit-oriented. Accordingly, the present study first discussed the theory of the welfare state, privatization theory, and profit-oriented (market) theory. Secondly, through the secondary literature to understand Japan as early as 2000 that the implementation of "long-term care insurance law", South Korea and Taiwan were also in 2008 the implementation of "the elderly long-term care insurance law" and "long-term care plan in the Decade." That is the purpose of these policies is to provide long-term care services to people in need.The study concluded that, in the course of state, the market and the private sector to transfer family boundaries, the East Asian countries begin early family as the main service provider, however, with the rapid aging of the population structure at family functions and shrinking situation, then gradually expand national service system in the formal sector. However, unlike in the Nordic countries for employers hiring workers and then provide service mode, the East Asian countries in the less stressed by non-profit organizations to provide care services. Therefore, the state, the market in the long-term care services and family boundaries, the market gradually towards the development of non-profit organizations, Taiwan, Japan and South Korea is no exception, in the build long-term care system, including the actual service delivery and financial surface, multi-mixed welfare economy, provide long-term care services provided directly by the State are non-service, but to play the role of regulators. |