| 摘要註: |
隨著不斷地全球化,我們正住在一個沒有國界的世界,今天,每一個發生在其他國家的社會議題,都有可能隨著媒體傳播去影響其他社會,但是傳統的公、私、非營利部門,卻無法像以往一樣有效的解決這些議題,有許多人現在開始嘗試以新的概念-- “社會企業” 來解決社會問題。相較於傳統企業,社會企業迄今還是一個令人感到困惑的想法,因為它是使用商業手段來達到社會目的,而這個手段往往需要透過營運模式的創新才能來進行,目前台灣相關的實務跟學術研究相對來說很少,而且主要的研究也是針對少數幾家成功的案例,無法累積足夠的知識,這種學術無法輔助實務的情況,對於急需創新方法的社會企業人士來說,少了其他經驗的參考,就只能從做中摸索,無法從累積的知識中避免錯誤,創業更為困難,因此為了讓有志經營社會企業的人能夠有更多的知識及經驗在創業時參考,本篇研究將會探討東南亞國家中的社會企業如何解決社會問題、以及在其商業模式上所面臨的困難和最後如何去解決這些問題。為了更深入的解答上述的疑問,這篇研究將採取質性研究中的個案研究法及深度訪談法,選擇了三個國家共9間在東南亞的社會企業作為研究對象,再以學者楊銘賢 (2009)所提出的社會企業商業模式架構來做進一步分析。這篇研究發現,東南亞的社會企業主要面臨了六種困境,含了資金、人力資源、服務或產品品質、政府角色、責信、經營者心態。對於組織來說,在處理這些問題時,建議組織除了不斷檢驗自身是否有使命偏移的情況外,也需要確實了解到利害關係人的需求與想法而達到社會與經濟使命的平衡。 With the globalization advancing continually, we are living in a bondless world. And through media every social issue occurs in countries would influence other societies in the world. However, because of the conventional sectors cannot solve these problems effectively as before, more and more people are trying to solve these problems with emerging idea "Social Enterprise". Due to this idea tries to solve social issue by innovative business way, it gets an easy-confused idea in Taiwan compare with common enterprise. For social enterprise the relevant practice or research now is relatively rare in Taiwan, and most of them focus on few successful cases. It causes the people who would like to initiative one lack experience referred and they cannot learn from mistakes. Therefore this study will try to understand how the obstacles which social enterprises in Southeast Asia are confronting and solution for them. This research is conducted with qualitative research and there are 9 social enterprises selected as research cases. Related information are generated and collected through Case study and In-depth method. After that, these information will be analyzed based on the business model theory of social enterprise proposed by Yang (2009). Overall, this study finds there are 6 kinds of obstacles that the social enterprise in this area is confronting, includes funding, human resource, quality of service or product, role of government, accountability and mindset. It is suggested that a social enterprise shall often examine if they have mission drift and to understand the thought from beneficiary. For balancing social and economic goal, it would be helpful to turn the weakness of organization to strength when entrepreneur dealing with these issues. |