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Evaluating evidence of mechanisms in...

Parkkinen, Veli-Pekka.

Evaluating evidence of mechanisms in medicineprinciples and procedures /

紀錄類型:	書目-電子資源 : Monograph/item
正題名/作者:	Evaluating evidence of mechanisms in medicineby Veli-Pekka Parkkinen ... [et al.].
其他題名:	principles and procedures /
其他作者:	Parkkinen, Veli-Pekka.
出版者:	Cham :Springer International Publishing :2018.
面頁冊數:	xviii, 125 p. :ill., digital ;24 cm.
Contained By:	Springer eBooks
標題:	Evidence-based medicine.
電子資源:	http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-94610-8
ISBN:	9783319946108$q(electronic bk.)

Evaluating evidence of mechanisms in medicineprinciples and procedures /
Evaluating evidence of mechanisms in medicineprinciples and procedures /[electronic resource] :by Veli-Pekka Parkkinen ... [et al.]. - Cham :Springer International Publishing :2018. - xviii, 125 p. :ill., digital ;24 cm. - SpringerBriefs in philosophy,2211-4548. - SpringerBriefs in philosophy..

1 Introduction -- 1.1 What is a mechanism? -- 1.2 Where does evidence of a mechanism come from? -- 1.3 Why consider evidence of mechanisms? -- 1.3.1 Evaluating efficacy -- 1.3.2 Evaluating external validity -- 1.3.3 Other questions -- 1.3.4 Importance of considering evidence of mechanisms -- 2 How to consider evidence of mechanisms: a summary -- 2.1 Questions to address -- 2.2 Quality level of evidence and status of claim -- 2.3 Identifying evidence of mechanisms in the literature -- 2.4 Evaluating evidence of mechanisms -- 2.5 Using evidence of mechanisms to evaluate causal claims -- 2.6 Overall approach -- 3 Identifying evidence of mechanisms in the literature -- 3.1 Hypothesize a mechanism -- 3.2 Search the literature -- 3.3 Identify the evidence most relevant to the mechanism hypothesis -- 3.4 Presenting the evidence of mechanisms -- 4 Evaluating evidence of mechanisms -- 4.1 Considerations for evaluating evidence of mechanism -- 4.2 Presenting quality of evidence of mechanisms -- 5 Using evidence of mechanisms to evaluate efficacy and external validity -- 5.1 Efficacy -- 5.2 External validity -- 6 Glossary -- 7 References -- 8 Acknowledgements -- 9 Appendix A. A critical appraisal tool for evidence of mechanisms -- 10 Appendix B. GRADE tables with mechanism assessment -- 11 Appendix C: Databases for evidence of mechanisms -- 12 Appendix D: Assessing exposures -- 12.1 Example: carcinogenicity of benzo[a]pyrene -- 12.2 Comparison to IARC -- 12.3 Molecular epidemiology -- 12.4 Comparison to SYRINA.

Open access.

This book is open access under a CC BY license. This book is the first to develop explicit methods for evaluating evidence of mechanisms in the field of medicine. It explains why it can be important to make this evidence explicit, and describes how to take such evidence into account in the evidence appraisal process. In addition, it develops procedures for seeking evidence of mechanisms, for evaluating evidence of mechanisms, and for combining this evaluation with evidence of association in order to yield an overall assessment of effectiveness. Evidence-based medicine seeks to achieve improved health outcomes by making evidence explicit and by developing explicit methods for evaluating it. To date, evidence-based medicine has largely focused on evidence of association produced by clinical studies. As such, it has tended to overlook evidence of pathophysiological mechanisms and evidence of the mechanisms of action of interventions. The book offers a useful guide for all those whose work involves evaluating evidence in the health sciences, including those who need to determine the effectiveness of health interventions and those who need to ascertain the effects of environmental exposures.

ISBN: 9783319946108$q(electronic bk.)

Standard No.: 10.1007/978-3-319-94610-8doi

Source: nam a2200337 a 4500Subjects--Topical Terms:

202156
Evidence-based medicine.

LC Class. No.: R723.7

Dewey Class. No.: 616

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505 0 $a 1 Introduction -- 1.1 What is a mechanism? -- 1.2 Where does evidence of a mechanism come from? -- 1.3 Why consider evidence of mechanisms? -- 1.3.1 Evaluating efficacy -- 1.3.2 Evaluating external validity -- 1.3.3 Other questions -- 1.3.4 Importance of considering evidence of mechanisms -- 2 How to consider evidence of mechanisms: a summary -- 2.1 Questions to address -- 2.2 Quality level of evidence and status of claim -- 2.3 Identifying evidence of mechanisms in the literature -- 2.4 Evaluating evidence of mechanisms -- 2.5 Using evidence of mechanisms to evaluate causal claims -- 2.6 Overall approach -- 3 Identifying evidence of mechanisms in the literature -- 3.1 Hypothesize a mechanism -- 3.2 Search the literature -- 3.3 Identify the evidence most relevant to the mechanism hypothesis -- 3.4 Presenting the evidence of mechanisms -- 4 Evaluating evidence of mechanisms -- 4.1 Considerations for evaluating evidence of mechanism -- 4.2 Presenting quality of evidence of mechanisms -- 5 Using evidence of mechanisms to evaluate efficacy and external validity -- 5.1 Efficacy -- 5.2 External validity -- 6 Glossary -- 7 References -- 8 Acknowledgements -- 9 Appendix A. A critical appraisal tool for evidence of mechanisms -- 10 Appendix B. GRADE tables with mechanism assessment -- 11 Appendix C: Databases for evidence of mechanisms -- 12 Appendix D: Assessing exposures -- 12.1 Example: carcinogenicity of benzo[a]pyrene -- 12.2 Comparison to IARC -- 12.3 Molecular epidemiology -- 12.4 Comparison to SYRINA.
506 $a Open access.
520 $a This book is open access under a CC BY license. This book is the first to develop explicit methods for evaluating evidence of mechanisms in the field of medicine. It explains why it can be important to make this evidence explicit, and describes how to take such evidence into account in the evidence appraisal process. In addition, it develops procedures for seeking evidence of mechanisms, for evaluating evidence of mechanisms, and for combining this evaluation with evidence of association in order to yield an overall assessment of effectiveness. Evidence-based medicine seeks to achieve improved health outcomes by making evidence explicit and by developing explicit methods for evaluating it. To date, evidence-based medicine has largely focused on evidence of association produced by clinical studies. As such, it has tended to overlook evidence of pathophysiological mechanisms and evidence of the mechanisms of action of interventions. The book offers a useful guide for all those whose work involves evaluating evidence in the health sciences, including those who need to determine the effectiveness of health interventions and those who need to ascertain the effects of environmental exposures.
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