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Life-cycle assessment of alternative...

Stokes, Jennifer Rachel.

Life-cycle assessment of alternative water supply systems in California.

Record Type:	Electronic resources : Monograph/item
Title/Author:	Life-cycle assessment of alternative water supply systems in California.
Author:	Stokes, Jennifer Rachel.
Description:	284 p.
Notes:	Chair: Arpad Horvath.
Notes:	Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 65-09, Section: B, page: 4722.
Contained By:	Dissertation Abstracts International65-09B.
Subject:	Engineering, Civil.
Online resource:	http://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=3147018
ISBN:	0496055356

Life-cycle assessment of alternative water supply systems in California.
Stokes, Jennifer Rachel.

Life-cycle assessment of alternative water supply systems in California. - 284 p.

Chair: Arpad Horvath.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of California, Berkeley, 2004.

Accounting for energy and environmental effects in water planning requires life-cycle assessment (LCA). LCA is a systematic methodology which accounts for energy consumption and environmental emissions caused by extracting raw materials, manufacturing, constructing, operating, maintaining, and decommissioning the water supply infrastructure. Measuring energy and resource consumption and associated toxic emissions through the system life-cycle will inform more effective environmental management.

ISBN: 0496055356Subjects--Topical Terms:

212394
Engineering, Civil.

Life-cycle assessment of alternative water supply systems in California.
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245 1 0 $a Life-cycle assessment of alternative water supply systems in California.
300 $a 284 p.
500 $a Chair: Arpad Horvath.
500 $a Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 65-09, Section: B, page: 4722.
502 $a Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of California, Berkeley, 2004.
520 # $a Accounting for energy and environmental effects in water planning requires life-cycle assessment (LCA). LCA is a systematic methodology which accounts for energy consumption and environmental emissions caused by extracting raw materials, manufacturing, constructing, operating, maintaining, and decommissioning the water supply infrastructure. Measuring energy and resource consumption and associated toxic emissions through the system life-cycle will inform more effective environmental management.
520 # $a In California, water availability is diminishing due to scarce sources, growing population, inefficient use, and pollution. To prevent a water crisis, California utilities are required to prepare planning documents every 5 years projecting their expected sources of water 20 years in the future. The environmental implications of water supply are not incorporated into these documents. As readily available water is depleted, subsequent alternatives have higher energy and resource requirements and, therefore, environmental impacts. In order to develop a more environmentally responsible and sustainable water supply system, these environmental implications should be incorporated into planning decisions.
520 # $a In this research, LCA was used to compare three supply alternatives: importing, recycling, and desalinating water. Water conservation using water-efficient fixtures was also evaluated for comparison. Energy use and environmental emissions were reported for the water supply alternatives, for life-cycle phases, and for water supply functions (i.e., supply, treatment, and distribution).
520 # $a The Water-Energy Sustainability Tool (WEST) was developed to evaluate water planning decisions with a life-cycle perspective. The tool was used to evaluate the systems of two California water utilities as case studies, the Marin Municipal Water District and the City of Oceanside Water Department.
520 # $a The results showed that for both utilities desalination was the most environmentally detrimental due primarily to the energy-intensity of the treatment process. The recycled and imported water results were less conclusive because they were affected more by the distance to the water source, topography, treatment process used, and other issues. For all alternatives in both case studies, energy consumed by system operation dominated the results. The results from this study will inform future water planning. Furthermore, the WEST tool can be used to evaluate future decisions so life-cycle environmental effects can be included in the analysis.
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791 $a Ph.D.
792 $a 2004
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