| 摘要註: |
台灣環島鐵路系統與鄰接之公路系統，時常有著交錯佈設之情形，即產生鐵路平交道路口，由於鐵路列車之機械、物理特性及其專用路權等因素，使得鐵路系統相較於公路系統，有著絕對優先之路權，再加上鐵路列車通過平交道路口之時間無法確切，使得各地區平交道路口之號誌經常無法配合鐵路列車通過之時間分配通行路權、紓解車流，造成交通壅塞，此一情形尤以都會區道路為甚。本研究以高雄市翠華路段之雙十字型鐵路平交道路口為標的進行探討，考量路口幾何特性及交通特性資料因素，輔以鐵路觸動號誌專用時相之設計，建立平交道號誌路口號誌時制計畫最佳整合設計模式，以解決鐵路列車通過路口時，相交路口號誌時制運作問題，降低路口延滯，提升路口車流紓解效率，進而解決交通瓶頸問題，達成路口延滯最小化及車流衝突最少化之目標。 本研究以雙十字型鐵路平交道路口之路型為主，擇高雄市翠華/西藏/馬卡道/美術館路口為實例模擬驗證路口，希望藉由參考車流理論及定時號誌時制計畫之方法、原理及時制績效評估等文獻，了解、分析時制計畫的變數及參數相互關係，以追求延滯最小化、交通衝突最少化之目標，推演設計一套雙十字型鐵路平交道路口號誌時制計畫整合設計最佳化之模式。並收集現行路口幾何條件及交通特性等資料，以VISSIM微觀車流模擬軟體，執行實例模擬驗證。 雙十字型鐵路平交道路口因有鐵路列車通過阻斷原有車流續進及號誌之運行，且有平交道兩側路口轉向車流通過平交道後之續行問題，皆造成雙十字型鐵路平交道路口行車動線複雜，衍生號誌時制計畫整合設計之困難，本研究將以（1）路口幾何特性及交通特性資料收集與分析；（2）號誌時相選擇模組；（3）號誌時制設計模組；（4）系統條件假設；（5）實例模擬驗證；（6）績效評估模組；（7）產生最佳時制計畫整合設計方案，等步驟來架構整個整合設計之流程，再輔以路口之實例模擬驗證後，以建構此一類型路口號誌時制計畫整合設計之最佳化，達成路口延滯最小化及車流衝突最少化之目標，茲以解決鐵路列車通過路口時，相交路口號誌時制運作問題，降低路口延滯，提升路口車流紓解效率，進而解決交通瓶頸問題，更可提供交通工程師設計鐵路平交道路口號誌時制計畫之參考。 The railroad system in Taiwan is often interlaced with its neighboring highway system where the railroad crossing takes shape. The train system has the absolute priority in right of way relative to general highway system based on its mechanical, physical properties and exclusive right of way, etc. Due to the uncertainty when the trains pass through, the signals at the railroad crossing couldn’t act in concert with the trains to assign the right of way and relieve the traffic congestion, which is a much more serious problem in the metropolis.This research targets the double-cruciform railroad crossing at Tsuihua Rd. in Kaohsiung City, takes the geometric properties and traffic characteristics into consideration, and then with the design of exclusive phase for railroad pushing button signal, this research sets up an optimal integration design model for signal timing plan of railroad crossing in order to solve the problem of signal operation at intersection while the trains pass through, reduce the intersection delay, improve the performance of relieving traffic at intersection, and further solve the traffic bottleneck, carry out the goal of intersection delay minimization and traffic conflict minimization. This research puts focus on double-cruciform railroad crossings, selects the intersections of Tsuihua Rd., Shitzang Rd., Makatto Rd. and Meishuguan Rd. in Kaohsiung City as studying sites for simulation and verification, with the references of literature on traffic flow theory, method, principle and performance evaluation of signal timing plan, to understand and analyze the correlation of variables and parameters for timing plan, and further to realize the goal of intersection delay minimization, traffic conflict minimization, and to design one optimal integration model for signal timing at double-cruciform railroad crossings. Also, this research collects the geometric properties and traffic characteristics to implement the simulation and verification with VISSIM, a microscopic traffic simulation software. While the trains pass through the double-cruciform railroad crossings, the original traffic and signal operation will be stopped, and also the traffic turning from the crossings couldn’t keep on going, which results in complicated traffic streamline at double-cruciform railroad crossings and the difficulty in designing integrated signal timing. Through the steps of (1) collecting and analyzing geometric properties and traffic characteristics, (2) signal phase selection module, (3) signal timing design module, (4) assumption of system condition, (5) simulation and verification, (6) performance evaluation module, (7) bringing out the optimal integrated signal timing project, this research sets up the procedure of whole integrated design, also after the simulation and verification, establishes the optimal integrated signal timing design at double-cruciform railroad crossing to carry out the goal of intersection delay minimization, traffic conflict minimization, solve the problem of signal operation at intersection while the trains pass through, reduce the intersection delay, improve the performance of relieving traffic at intersection, and further solve the traffic bottleneck, serve as a reference for the traffic engineers to plan signal timing at railroad crossings. |