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變性人之性別自主權與健康權之研究 = The Research of T...

國立高雄大學法律學系碩士班

變性人之性別自主權與健康權之研究 = The Research of Transsexuals’s Rights of Sex Freedom and Health

Record Type:	Language materials, printed : monographic
Paralel Title:	The Research of Transsexuals’s Rights of Sex Freedom and Health
Author:	張千蓉,
Secondary Intellectual Responsibility:	國立高雄大學
Place of Publication:	[高雄市]
Published:	撰者;
Year of Publication:	民100
Description:	127面30公分;
Subject:	變性人
Subject:	Transsexual
Online resource:	http://handle.ncl.edu.tw/11296/ndltd/84608290570620219634
Notes:	參考書目：面106-115
Summary:	在講求人權保障之現代社會，自由是人民最基本之權利，人民可以透過自由權的主張來防禦他人不當之侵害。由於工業革命後，人類進入科技與經濟發達的全速發展階段，國家在資源妥善分配與維護公平正義之義務之下，有不可推卸的保護責任。自由權之創設除現行憲法所明文保障外，皆概括包含於憲法第22條所保障之範圍內，此概括自由權之內涵認定，依實務與學界共同來型塑。其中關於性別自主之問題，在社會上實際存在一群性別認同障礙的性少數者，於醫學發展及社會學研究中已被重視，惟於法領域中至今無對其內涵作明確闡述之文獻，為有效保障變性人對自我性別的主張自由，防止任何恣意的壓迫，尤其是在社會上變性人常被冠上異樣標籤，生活上遭到排斥，婚姻家庭、工作、權利義務關係不確定等問題，使變性人飽受身心煎熬，應立即受到重視改善。本文試圖確定性別自主權之內涵，以基本權之性質與功能作分析，逐步建構性別自主之具體內涵，再參考各國對性別自主權相關法制，引導出我國未來立法可努力的方向與具體建議。性別認同障礙者乃心理性別與生理性別不一致之痛苦生命，除對外主張性別決定自主，使新性別法律地位被正式承認外，性別認同障礙者仍是處在不健康的狀態，目前醫學科技尚無法完全改變生理性別或心理性別認同，但可以藉由心理治療、性激素及變性手術，盡可能使其外表符合心理性別，減輕其痛苦。我國憲法第15條有明文規定生存權保障，由此延伸出健康權保障，課予國家保障人民之身心健康之義務，故國家對變性人的醫療需求應負起相當的給付義務，給予變性人能維持其最低健康生活標準之照護。除給予變性人健康福利給付外，國家基於變性手術對身體傷害性大且具有不可回復性的嚴重後果，國家亦應負起保護義務，訂定適當的規範，以維護醫療品質與醫療安全，明確醫療人員的義務範圍，保障變性人健康權益。一個講求公平正義之社會，對於弱勢者之保障應更加重視，變性人於台灣甚至在其他國家之權益保障，常受到多數利益的排斥與不認同，為落實人性尊嚴保障以及社會正義之實現，變性人法律關係與福利措施應有具體的法律制度來落實，方能妥善保障其憲法上利益，亦為本文欲作為變性人問題相關立法拋磚引玉之起始點。 Liberty is the basic right of the people in the modern society where the guarantee of human rights is highly valued; people could defend the harmful encroachment from other persons through claiming for status libertatis. Because human beings have entered a full-speed development stage in which science and technology and economy is well-developed after the industrial revolution, countries have an inescapable protection liability under the obligation of proper distribution of resources and maintenance of fairness and justice. The establishment of status libertatis is guaranteed by explicit terms of the constitution in force; besides, all is covered within the scope of guarantee of Article 22 of the constitution, which generalizes the connotation of the status libertatis being determined together by the practice and educational circles. Inter alia, as far as gender independence is concerned, there is a group of sexual minorities who have gender identity disorders in society and have been attached importance in medical development and the study of sociology. However, connotation of gender independence has not been explicitly expounded by literatures in the legal field up to now. In order to effectively safeguard a transsexual’s freedom to maintain personal gender identity and prevent any willful oppression, especially, transsexuals are often abnormally labeled in society and excluded in life and a transsexual’s marriage and family, work and relationship of rights and obligations is uncertain etc., which make transsexuals suffer from enduring long hardship and should be immediately thought highly of and improved. This paper tries to determine the connotation of rights of sex freedom, analyzes the kinds and functions of basic rights, gradually constructs the specific connotation of gender independence, and then refers to relevant legal institutions on rights of sex freedom in various countries so as to pilot the direction which can be struggled to by the future legislation in our country and detailed suggestions. People suffering from gender identity disorders are living a painful life where the psychological gender is inconsistent with the biological gender, except for claiming rights of sex freedom to the outside so as to make the legal status of a new gender recognized officially, people suffering from gender identity disorders are still in an unhealthy status; at present, medical science and technology can not totally change the identity of the biological gender or that of the psychological gender; however, it can make use of psychotherapy, sex hormone and transsexual operation to make their appearance consistent with the psychological gender as much as possible and relieve their pain. Article 15 of the constitution in our country has expressly stipulated that the guarantee of right to live and guarantee of rights of health is derived therefrom, i.e. imposing our country the obligation of safeguarding the physical and psychological health of the people. Therefore, a country should bear the corresponding payment obligation for the medical demand of the transsexuals, granting transsexuals the care which can maintain their lowest healthy life standard. Besides bearing the payment of healthy welfare to transsexuals, considering that transsexual operation causes great harmfulness to body and has serious consequences without restorability, a country should bear the obligation of protection of transsexuals and stipulate proper standards so as to maintain medical quality and medical safety, explicating the scope of obligations of medical personnel and safeguarding the rights of health and interests of the transsexuals. A society pursuing fairness and justice should attach more importance to the protection of the right of the weak. The guarantee for rights and interests of the transsexuals is often excluded and denied by most interest groups in Taiwan and other countries. In order to implement human dignity guarantee and realize the fairness and justice of the society, the legal relationship and detailed welfare measures of the transsexuals should be implemented through specific legal systems, so as to guarantee its interests in the constitution, which is also the starting point for writing this paper on relevant legislation of the transsexuals to serve as a modest spur to induce other valuable contributions on this aspect.

變性人之性別自主權與健康權之研究 = The Research of Transsexuals’s Rights of Sex Freedom and Health
張, 千蓉

變性人之性別自主權與健康權之研究 = The Research of Transsexuals’s Rights of Sex Freedom and Health / 張千蓉撰 - [高雄市] : 撰者, 民100. - 127面 ; 30公分.
參考書目：面106-115 .
變性人Transsexual

變性人之性別自主權與健康權之研究 = The Research of Transsexuals’s Rights of Sex Freedom and Health
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330 $a 在講求人權保障之現代社會，自由是人民最基本之權利，人民可以透過自由權的主張來防禦他人不當之侵害。由於工業革命後，人類進入科技與經濟發達的全速發展階段，國家在資源妥善分配與維護公平正義之義務之下，有不可推卸的保護責任。自由權之創設除現行憲法所明文保障外，皆概括包含於憲法第22條所保障之範圍內，此概括自由權之內涵認定，依實務與學界共同來型塑。其中關於性別自主之問題，在社會上實際存在一群性別認同障礙的性少數者，於醫學發展及社會學研究中已被重視，惟於法領域中至今無對其內涵作明確闡述之文獻，為有效保障變性人對自我性別的主張自由，防止任何恣意的壓迫，尤其是在社會上變性人常被冠上異樣標籤，生活上遭到排斥，婚姻家庭、工作、權利義務關係不確定等問題，使變性人飽受身心煎熬，應立即受到重視改善。本文試圖確定性別自主權之內涵，以基本權之性質與功能作分析，逐步建構性別自主之具體內涵，再參考各國對性別自主權相關法制，引導出我國未來立法可努力的方向與具體建議。性別認同障礙者乃心理性別與生理性別不一致之痛苦生命，除對外主張性別決定自主，使新性別法律地位被正式承認外，性別認同障礙者仍是處在不健康的狀態，目前醫學科技尚無法完全改變生理性別或心理性別認同，但可以藉由心理治療、性激素及變性手術，盡可能使其外表符合心理性別，減輕其痛苦。我國憲法第15條有明文規定生存權保障，由此延伸出健康權保障，課予國家保障人民之身心健康之義務，故國家對變性人的醫療需求應負起相當的給付義務，給予變性人能維持其最低健康生活標準之照護。除給予變性人健康福利給付外，國家基於變性手術對身體傷害性大且具有不可回復性的嚴重後果，國家亦應負起保護義務，訂定適當的規範，以維護醫療品質與醫療安全，明確醫療人員的義務範圍，保障變性人健康權益。一個講求公平正義之社會，對於弱勢者之保障應更加重視，變性人於台灣甚至在其他國家之權益保障，常受到多數利益的排斥與不認同，為落實人性尊嚴保障以及社會正義之實現，變性人法律關係與福利措施應有具體的法律制度來落實，方能妥善保障其憲法上利益，亦為本文欲作為變性人問題相關立法拋磚引玉之起始點。 Liberty is the basic right of the people in the modern society where the guarantee of human rights is highly valued; people could defend the harmful encroachment from other persons through claiming for status libertatis. Because human beings have entered a full-speed development stage in which science and technology and economy is well-developed after the industrial revolution, countries have an inescapable protection liability under the obligation of proper distribution of resources and maintenance of fairness and justice. The establishment of status libertatis is guaranteed by explicit terms of the constitution in force; besides, all is covered within the scope of guarantee of Article 22 of the constitution, which generalizes the connotation of the status libertatis being determined together by the practice and educational circles. Inter alia, as far as gender independence is concerned, there is a group of sexual minorities who have gender identity disorders in society and have been attached importance in medical development and the study of sociology. However, connotation of gender independence has not been explicitly expounded by literatures in the legal field up to now. In order to effectively safeguard a transsexual’s freedom to maintain personal gender identity and prevent any willful oppression, especially, transsexuals are often abnormally labeled in society and excluded in life and a transsexual’s marriage and family, work and relationship of rights and obligations is uncertain etc., which make transsexuals suffer from enduring long hardship and should be immediately thought highly of and improved. This paper tries to determine the connotation of rights of sex freedom, analyzes the kinds and functions of basic rights, gradually constructs the specific connotation of gender independence, and then refers to relevant legal institutions on rights of sex freedom in various countries so as to pilot the direction which can be struggled to by the future legislation in our country and detailed suggestions. People suffering from gender identity disorders are living a painful life where the psychological gender is inconsistent with the biological gender, except for claiming rights of sex freedom to the outside so as to make the legal status of a new gender recognized officially, people suffering from gender identity disorders are still in an unhealthy status; at present, medical science and technology can not totally change the identity of the biological gender or that of the psychological gender; however, it can make use of psychotherapy, sex hormone and transsexual operation to make their appearance consistent with the psychological gender as much as possible and relieve their pain. Article 15 of the constitution in our country has expressly stipulated that the guarantee of right to live and guarantee of rights of health is derived therefrom, i.e. imposing our country the obligation of safeguarding the physical and psychological health of the people. Therefore, a country should bear the corresponding payment obligation for the medical demand of the transsexuals, granting transsexuals the care which can maintain their lowest healthy life standard. Besides bearing the payment of healthy welfare to transsexuals, considering that transsexual operation causes great harmfulness to body and has serious consequences without restorability, a country should bear the obligation of protection of transsexuals and stipulate proper standards so as to maintain medical quality and medical safety, explicating the scope of obligations of medical personnel and safeguarding the rights of health and interests of the transsexuals. A society pursuing fairness and justice should attach more importance to the protection of the right of the weak. The guarantee for rights and interests of the transsexuals is often excluded and denied by most interest groups in Taiwan and other countries. In order to implement human dignity guarantee and realize the fairness and justice of the society, the legal relationship and detailed welfare measures of the transsexuals should be implemented through specific legal systems, so as to guarantee its interests in the constitution, which is also the starting point for writing this paper on relevant legislation of the transsexuals to serve as a modest spur to induce other valuable contributions on this aspect.
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