| 摘要註: |
太極拳是在1990年北京亞運會及1993年台灣區運動會正式列為比賽項目。太極拳教練與裁判必須具備太極拳所擁有的哲學理念、技擊與養生內涵之外，對於現代運動科學也應做一整合運用。對於影響跆拳道裁判公正性的因素有來自於參賽人員及教練的影響、裁判本身的等級與執法水準不一、缺乏臨場裁判的經驗歷練，以及本職學能不足。我國太極拳運動總會每年僅舉辦太極拳裁判講習授證，尚無規範裁判定期回訓或進階裁判技術講習等相對計畫。本研究以太極拳運動總會層級人員、省市級太極拳運動協會人員及縣市級太極拳運動協會人員作為研究對象，採質性研究訪談法進行研究，獲得以下結論：一、影響太極拳裁判公正性的因素一、外在客觀因素：裁判與參賽選手之間彼此有熟識，比賽現場環境處於空間過於擁擠、喧鬧，強勢主導的裁判以及裁判對於套路的熟悉性，裁判團隊共識性較低、競賽規則變動會影響裁判執行工作公正性。二、內在主觀因素：裁判對特定選手的喜好，或者是特定套路的偏好，裁判個人年紀太大，體力不支、精神力不集中，職業道德觀念不強，臨場經驗不足會影響裁判公正性。二、因應裁判公正性與改善方法（一） 培訓制度及方法：採取裁判分級進階授予證書制度，針對裁判爭執案例講解，加深裁判實務的認識，其次參與比賽觀摩，模擬裁判訓練，經過正式比賽場次的實習經驗與第二階段複訓，才能正式參與比賽執法。（二） 鑑定方法及制度：參加裁判講習人員在結束後即取得裁判證書，應再增加實習的訓練成績，才能正式取得裁判資格。透過實習制度可以使裁判人員加身裁判的專業，強化太極拳的拳經、拳論與拳理的修養。本研究僅先行以國家A級作為先導研究，因而採取質性研究深度訪談法進行，對於研究對象主要是以各級太極拳協會人員，且具有國家A級裁判資格，或者曾經擔任太極拳裁判經驗者，並具備涉歷太極拳競技豐富經驗人士為主，尚不及於全國各地區太極拳運動團體，以及遍及全面性參與太極拳運動人士。建議末來研究可擴及於國家A級、省市B級與縣市C級等層次的競技，以及太極拳協會所屬會員、參賽選手等。 Taijiquan Beijing Asian Games in 1990 and 1993 Taiwan Games officially as a sport. Taijiquan Taijiquan coaches and referees must have owned the philosophy, martial arts and health connotations beyond, for the modern sports science should also be done using an integration. Taekwondo referee affecting the fairness of factors from the impact of the contestants and coaches, referees and their level of law enforcement standards vary, the lack of experience of the referee spot experience, as well as their own learning can be inadequate.Federation of Taijiquan Taijiquan referee workshops held annually only charter, there is no standardized training or advanced referee referee regularly back technical workshops and other relatively plan. In this study Taijiquan Federation level personnel; Taijiquan Association, provincial and municipal officers; Taijiquan Association of County and municipal staff as a research object, the qualitative research interview study, the following conclusions: 1. The impact factors of Taijiquan referee impartiality(1) External objective factors: the referee and the players are familiar with each other, the game field environment in space is too crowded, noisy, strong leading refereesand referee for routine familiarity, the referee team consensus is low, competition rules changes will affect the fairness of the implementation of the referee.(2) The inherent subjective factors: the referee's preference for a particular player, or a preference for a particular routine, the referee individuals too old, tired, spiritual power is not concentrated, professional ethics is not strong, lack of experience will affect the spot referee impartiality. 2. In response to the referee fairness and improvement(1) Training system and method: take the referee awarded the Advanced Certificate grading system for the referee a dispute case to explain, to deepen understanding of the referee practice, followed by participation in the game to watch, analog referee training, formal internship experience in games played with the second phase of recovery training to law enforcement official involved in the game.(2) Identification methods and systems: workshop personnel participating referees made after the referee at the end of the certificate should be further increased internship training results in order to obtain a formal qualification referee. Through internship system allows referees referee professional staff plus body, strengthen the Taiji boxing classics, boxing and boxing management of accomplishment. In this study, only the first national A-level as a pilot study, and thus to take depth qualitative research interviews conducted for the study mainly Taijiquan Association staff at all levels, and has a national A-level referee qualifications, experience or have served as shadow boxing referee persons, and has extensive experience involving athletics calendar Taijiquan who mainly not drain at all regions of Taijiquan groups and individuals throughout the comprehensive involvement of Taijiquan. Taijiquan competition still state Class A, Class B cities, counties and other levels of C-class sports, but also for different levels of Taijiquan competitive research study on the future, but also extends to an association member in tai chi, contestants. |