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The Role of Choline and Methionine t...

Chandler, Tawny L.

The Role of Choline and Methionine to Influence Hepatocyte Metabolism Underlying Ketosis and Lipid Accumulation.

Record Type:	Electronic resources : Monograph/item
Title/Author:	The Role of Choline and Methionine to Influence Hepatocyte Metabolism Underlying Ketosis and Lipid Accumulation.
Author:	Chandler, Tawny L.
Published:	Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2018
Description:	270 p.
Notes:	Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 80-03(E), Section: B.
Notes:	Adviser: Heather M. White.
Contained By:	Dissertation Abstracts International80-03B(E).
Subject:	Animal sciences.
Online resource:	http://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=10974091
ISBN:	9780438540866

The Role of Choline and Methionine to Influence Hepatocyte Metabolism Underlying Ketosis and Lipid Accumulation.
Chandler, Tawny L.

The Role of Choline and Methionine to Influence Hepatocyte Metabolism Underlying Ketosis and Lipid Accumulation. - Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2018 - 270 p.

Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 80-03(E), Section: B.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--The University of Wisconsin - Madison, 2018.

The periparturient period poses a physiological and metabolic challenge for dairy cows that are at increased risk for fatty liver and hyperketonemia (HYK), two interrelated metabolic disorders associated with impaired hepatic function. Given their high rates of prevalence, associated risk of comorbidities, and impaired productive and reproductive performance, monitoring HYK has become more common and nutritional strategies to prevent the disorders are employed. Choline and methionine are critical to liver metabolism and may improve animal health and performance by promoting liver function in periparturient dairy cows. The central hypothesis of this dissertation is that choline and methionine elicit hepato-protective effects and alter energy metabolism pathways in bovine hepatocytes that have implications for their nutrition in periparturient dairy cows. The objectives of this work were to: 1) explore an alternative strategy to predict HYK using regularly reported and measured milk and animal performance variables, 2) examine the overlapping metabolism of choline and methionine to determine if they serve mutual or unique roles in hepatocyte metabolism, and 3) determine if choline and methionine can regulate or alter the flux of carbon through pathways of oxidation and gluconeogenesis in bovine hepatocytes.

ISBN: 9780438540866Subjects--Topical Terms:

826799
Animal sciences.

The Role of Choline and Methionine to Influence Hepatocyte Metabolism Underlying Ketosis and Lipid Accumulation.
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245 1 4 $a The Role of Choline and Methionine to Influence Hepatocyte Metabolism Underlying Ketosis and Lipid Accumulation.
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300 $a 270 p.
500 $a Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 80-03(E), Section: B.
500 $a Adviser: Heather M. White.
502 $a Thesis (Ph.D.)--The University of Wisconsin - Madison, 2018.
520 $a The periparturient period poses a physiological and metabolic challenge for dairy cows that are at increased risk for fatty liver and hyperketonemia (HYK), two interrelated metabolic disorders associated with impaired hepatic function. Given their high rates of prevalence, associated risk of comorbidities, and impaired productive and reproductive performance, monitoring HYK has become more common and nutritional strategies to prevent the disorders are employed. Choline and methionine are critical to liver metabolism and may improve animal health and performance by promoting liver function in periparturient dairy cows. The central hypothesis of this dissertation is that choline and methionine elicit hepato-protective effects and alter energy metabolism pathways in bovine hepatocytes that have implications for their nutrition in periparturient dairy cows. The objectives of this work were to: 1) explore an alternative strategy to predict HYK using regularly reported and measured milk and animal performance variables, 2) examine the overlapping metabolism of choline and methionine to determine if they serve mutual or unique roles in hepatocyte metabolism, and 3) determine if choline and methionine can regulate or alter the flux of carbon through pathways of oxidation and gluconeogenesis in bovine hepatocytes.
520 $a Predicting HYK from milk and animal performance variables emphasized the role nutrition and management play in the disorder and may be a less invasive and intensive strategy to monitor herd HYK prevalence and highlight when nutritional supplements should be considered. Supplementing rumen-protected choline and methionine may prevent metabolic disorders during the periparturient period by altering liver metabolism and function. A set of in vitro experiments were conducted incubating primary bovine neonatal hepatocytes with choline and Met to investigate their ability to alter methyl carbon and energy metabolism. The first experiment suggested that choline may play a critical role in donating methyl groups to support methionine regeneration, potentially sparing the limiting amino acid from catabolism for anabolic use. Choline, but not Met, exhibited a hepato-protective role by stimulating very-low density lipoprotein export and decreasing the accumulation of reactive oxygen species. A second experiment demonstrated that choline and Met differentially regulate the enzymes that control gluconeogenesis and FA oxidation. Finally, in a third experiment, choline decreased cellular TG while supporting capacity for complete oxidation of FA and glycogen storage. Taken together these data indicate a hepato-protective role for choline that has implications on liver function and metabolism during the periparturient period. Throughout the experiments, the effects of choline and methionine did not appear to interact with each other, suggesting the two nutrients serve unique functions in bovine hepatocyte metabolism.
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