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The role of surfactant proteins A and D in innate immunity :Regulation of inflammation and bacterial abrogation of protein function

Record Type:	Electronic resources : Monograph/item
Title/Author:	The role of surfactant proteins A and D in innate immunity :
Reminder of title:	Regulation of inflammation and bacterial abrogation of protein function
Author:	Alcorn, John F., Jr.
Description:	157 p.
Notes:	Adviser: Jo Rae Wright.
Notes:	Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 65-01, Section: B, page: 0029.
Contained By:	Dissertation Abstracts International65-01B.
Subject:	Biology, Cell.
Online resource:	http://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=3120170
ISBN:	0496675427

The role of surfactant proteins A and D in innate immunity :Regulation of inflammation and bacterial abrogation of protein function
Alcorn, John F., Jr.

The role of surfactant proteins A and D in innate immunity :Regulation of inflammation and bacterial abrogation of protein function [electronic resource] - 157 p.

Adviser: Jo Rae Wright.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Duke University, 2003.

SP-D is cleaved by elastase to produce a stable 35 kDa fragment. Unlike intact SP-D, the SP-D cleavage fragment fails to bind or aggregate bacteria. Additionally, the SP-D fragment fails to enhance the uptake of bacteria by alveolar macrophages. We speculate that degradation of SP-A and SP-D by P. aeruginosa elastase presents a novel virulence mechanism. Degradation of SP-A and SP-D by P. aeruginosa would lead to greater production of inflammatory mediators and reduced clearance in the lung.

ISBN: 0496675427Subjects--Topical Terms:

226967
Biology, Cell.

The role of surfactant proteins A and D in innate immunity :Regulation of inflammation and bacterial abrogation of protein function
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100 0 $a Alcorn, John F., Jr. $3 227481
245 1 4 $a The role of surfactant proteins A and D in innate immunity : $b Regulation of inflammation and bacterial abrogation of protein function $h [electronic resource]
300 $a 157 p.
500 $a Adviser: Jo Rae Wright.
500 $a Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 65-01, Section: B, page: 0029.
502 $a Thesis (Ph.D.)--Duke University, 2003.
520 # $a SP-D is cleaved by elastase to produce a stable 35 kDa fragment. Unlike intact SP-D, the SP-D cleavage fragment fails to bind or aggregate bacteria. Additionally, the SP-D fragment fails to enhance the uptake of bacteria by alveolar macrophages. We speculate that degradation of SP-A and SP-D by P. aeruginosa elastase presents a novel virulence mechanism. Degradation of SP-A and SP-D by P. aeruginosa would lead to greater production of inflammatory mediators and reduced clearance in the lung.
520 # $a Several studies provide evidence that SP-A and SP-D have an important role in the innate immune response to the gram-negative bacteria, Pseudomonas aeruginosa. In preliminary experiments characterizing the binding of SP-A to this bacteria, we observed the appearance of apparent degradation products of SP-A and therefore, we hypothesized that P. aeruginosa produces an enzyme that degrades SP-A. The degradative enzyme was purified and identified as Pseudomonas elastase, which was shown to directly degrade SP-A and SP-D. Furthermore, SP-A and SP-D degradation fragments were detectable in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) from lung transplant patients with cystic fibrosis.
520 # $a The alveolar epithelium is lined by surfactant, a lipoprotein complex which both reduces surface tension and mediates several innate immune functions including alteration of alveolar macrophage function and regulation of bacterial clearance. The goal of this thesis is to examine the anti-inflammatory properties of surfactant proteins---A and D (SP-A, SP-D). In addition, we propose that the lung pathogen, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, via proteolysis, can subvert the normal immune function of SP-A and SP-D.
520 # $a We and others have previously shown that SP-A inhibits the macrophage production of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) stimulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). We propose that SP-A decreases the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines by alveolar macrophages via a CD14-independent mechanism. SP-A and SP-D inhibited TNF-alpha production by alveolar macrophages stimulated with LPS. Furthermore, SP-A also diminished ultra-pure LPS-induced TNF-alpha produced by wild-type and CD14 null alveolar macrophages. Additionally, SP-A inhibited TNF-alpha stimulated by phorbol ester myristate (PMA). These data suggest that SP-A inhibits inflammatory cytokine production in a CD 14-independent manner and also by mechanisms independent of the LPS signaling pathway.
590 $a School code: 0066.
650 # 0 $a Biology, Cell. $3 226967
650 # 0 $a Health Sciences, Immunology. $3 226966
650 # 0 $a Chemistry, Biochemistry. $3 226900
690 $a 0379
690 $a 0487
690 $a 0982
710 0 # $a Duke University. $3 226880
773 0 # $g 65-01B. $t Dissertation Abstracts International
790 $a 0066
790 1 0 $a Wright, Jo Rae, $e advisor
791 $a Ph.D.
792 $a 2003
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