| 摘要註: |
本研究主要目的在探討綜合營造業之評鑑，及針對與其相關之營造業法母法、子法做一先期之研究，並將相關的法令規章作為立論基礎；除採用文獻回顧法與統計分析來探討，同時進行專家訪談；據已通過營造業評鑑之案件統計分析，發現評鑑項目異常之處，探討其影響達成率高低之原因，提出補強建議。營造產業為我國基礎之工業，與景氣枯榮有著密切關係，研究中發現營造業產業結構呈現乙等營造業數量最少的不正常分布現象；營造業分佈多集中在北部，其次為中部，而營造業家數最多為民國91年，營造業就業人數佔全國就業人數比例及營造業產值佔國內生產毛額(GDP)為民國83年到84年最高。營造業之經營管理評估模式與一般企業不同，較難以量化表示，營造業評鑑辦法開始執行，迄今已實施三年餘，多數工程主辦單位未將參與營造業評鑑列為投標資格，廠商自動辦理評鑑之動機多為升等需求，所以參與評鑑之家數並不多，內政部營建署統計截至 97 年12月底止，台灣共有 9,198 家綜合營造業，其中甲等營造業 1,814家，乙等營造業 1,276 家，丙等營造業 6,108家。全省已通過營造業評鑑為1,559件，本研究由1,559評鑑完成案件中取出 368 件，佔通過評鑑總件數之 23.6%，其中甲等營造業為 15件，乙等營造業為 187 件，丙等營造業為 166 件，1件為無效案件，案件來源為社團法人台灣中小型營造業協會。依據收集已通過評鑑樣本，將甲、乙、丙等營造業數據個別按工程實績、施工品質、組織規模、管理能力、專業技術研究發展以及財務狀況六大項評鑑項目作分析，再由六大項中分析甲、乙、丙等營造業通過比率，經過統計後，發現下列異常處：1、產業結構未呈金字塔型分佈，乙等營造業家數明顯偏低。2、評鑑六大項目只要受評為A級標準達四項以上者，列為第一級綜合營造業，營造廠商選容易達成之項目，輕視其它二項。3、組織規模在各等營造業達成率最高，其門檻低，且容易造假。4、專業技術研究發展在各等營造業達成率最低，可見政府推動多年，但是業界之反應似乎有落差。5、施工品質方面，丙等營造業待加強。6、管理能力方面，甲等營造業待加強。7、財務狀況方面，乙、丙等營造業待加強。 This study aims to discuss the appraisal system for general construction firms and to conduct a preliminary research on the Construction Industry Act and related rules. This study adopts literature review, statistical analysis, and expert interview. as research methods. Based on the cases which had passed the appraisal, this study tries to disclose abnormalities in regard to appraisal items, explore their effects on the achieving rate, and suggest improvements for the appraisal system.The construction industry is a major industry contributing to Taiwan’s economy, and closely related to economic boom or recession. According to research findings, there is an abnormal distribution of general construction firms, namely the number of Class-B firms have the lowest number passing the appraisal. The northern Taiwan has the majority of the general construction firms, followed by the central Taiwan. The year 2002 had a record high number of general construction firms nationwide. Moreover, 1994 and 1995 had the highest proportion of the total employees in the construction industry relative to the total employment nationwide as well as the highest proportion of output value of the construction industry to the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in Taiwan.The operation and management for construction industry are different from those for general enterprises and hardly quantitatively presented. It has been more than three years since the enforcement of the Appraisal Regulations for Construction Industry. Most of the organizers in charge of construction projects haven’t taken the appraisal to be one of qualifications for submitting a tender. The motive for constructors to voluntarily conduct the appraisal is mostly for promotion, and therefore not many general construction firms participate in the appraisal. According to the statistics as of the end of December 2008 collected by the Construction & Planning Agency, Ministry of the Interior, there are a total of 9,198 general construction companies in Taiwan. Of this total, 1,814 are for Class-A, 1,276 for Class-B, and 6,108 for Class-C. A total of 1,559 cases passed the appraisal for the construction industry. This study randomly selects 368 out of 1,559 cases which pass the appraisal, accounting for 23.6% of the total qualified cases. Among the 368 cases, 15 are for Class-A, 187 for Class-B, 166 for Class-C, and one for invalidity. The data collected come from the Taiwan Small & Medium-sized Construction Company Association.Samples are categorized into Class A, B, and C, and these three categories are analyzed respectively in accordance with construction achievement, construction quality, company scale, managerial ability, professional technique R & D, and financial condition. Furthermore, the achieving rates in the above-mentioned six items for these three categories are analyzed respectively. The following are the major results:1. The industrial structure is not presented in a pyramid distribution, and the number of Class-B general construction firms are significantly low.2. As long as firms are scored A on four items among the six appraisal items, they are classified as Class-A general construction firms. As a result, firms tend to choose appraisal items which they consider to be easy to achieve, and ignore the remaining two items.3. The achieving rate of appraisal in Company Scale ranks the highest in all of the three firm categories. The threshold is set too low, and there is a good possibility of making false statements.4. The achieving rate of appraisal in Professional Technique R & D ranks the lowest in all of the three firm categories. Despite long-term efforts by the government, the construction industry seems not to be interested in undertaking research and development of professional techniques.5. In terms of construction quality, there is still room for improvement for Class-C general construction firms.6. In terms of managerial ability, there is still room for improvement for Class-A general construction firms.7. In terms of financial condition, there is still room for improvement for Class-B & C general construction firms. |